Vol 19, No 1 (2024)

Background:SARS-CoV-2 infection that led to the COVID-19 pandemic has changed human health and the economy globally. SARS-CoV-2 is a type of Coronaviruses that has caused pneumonia and its complications with many deaths over the past two years. The use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, accepted as generally safe for patients with autoimmune diseases or malaria, was attempted in many trials for COVID-19 treatment. Nigella sativa (NS) (black caraway, also known as black cumin, Nigella or Kalonji) is an annual flowering plant of the Ranunculaceae family, chemically composed of the main constituent natural Thymoquinone (TQ) (30%-48%) in forms of thymohydroquinone, dithymoquinone (Nigellone) is a native to wider regions, including parts of eastern Europe, west Asia, North of Africa and east of Myanmar. In this review, we explored the Randomized Controlled Trial, Controlled Trial, and Systematic review studies that support Nigella sativa Thymoquinone-targeted SARS-CoV-2 targeting. Therefore, A literature search was performed for publications published on the electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, and Google Scholar) for Nigella sativa, black seeds, Kalonji, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. This review aimed to find relevant evidence of Nigella sativa preferences as a natural feasible remedy with no side effects in COVID-19. Studies reported the benefits of NS as beneficial, another appropriate remedy for patients with COVID-19. However, all studies have shown limitations, such as limiting clinical symptom outcomes due to regulations imposed by isolation policies and lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the evidence suggests that the chemical contents of NS are a safe and possible treatment for COVID-19 patients that helps to improve COVID-19 infection in patients with no side effects.

Conclusion:Nigella sativa seeds were one of the well-documented herbal products. Three reviewed randomized controlled trials reported that NS reduced COVID-19 risk and could improve immune function. It was also helpful in upper respiratory infections such as asthma and bronchitis, with one RCT showing that honey and NS significantly improved symptoms, viral clearance, and mortality of COVID-19 patients. This review concludes that NS has a positive barrier effect on people at risk of acquiring a COVID-19 infection.

Introduction:The outbreak of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China occurred three years ago. However, the healthcare state and legislature for COVID-19 varied greatly worldwide. After three years, the social life of most countries worldwide is gradually back to normal. Diagnosis and therapeutics worldwide are formalized now. Improvement of the knowledge about this devastating disease will shed new light on its management and spawn the development of new counter measures. Due to the differences in socioeconomic conditions and policies worldwide, the diagnostic and therapeutic transition should be established. The schedules and techniques of vaccines, drugs, or other therapeutic strategies could be formalized in the future. The origin and hidden nature of COVID-19 biology (relationship between viral strain and drug targeting) should be further investigated. Knowledge and opinion breakthroughs may significantly heighten the quality of preventive and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. To further stabilize the global situation, the issues of viral spread and induced mortality should be emphasized. Existing animal models, pathophysiological knowledge, and therapeutics for different infected patients played vital roles. The diagnostic widening, variants of COVID, and therapeutic selection worldwide totally solve the complex outcomes and promote the curability for infected patients. Different diagnostic platforms can reach different therapeutic selections, responses, and benefits in the clinic. It will provide advanced diagnostic dimensions, therapeutic paradigms, and drug selection strategies for the purpose of the greatest benefiting and recoveries of COVID-19 patients. To speed up the global fight against COVID-19, biomedical knowledge, prophylactic vaccines, and therapeutic paradigms should be updated in dynamic states.

It is becoming increasingly difficult to treat bacterial infections with conventional antibiotics as resistance increases with time. Common antibiotics have been irrationally used in the general community, which has resulted in the selection of antibiotic-resistant genes. Despite various modifications that have been done to restore the antimicrobial activities of conventional antibiotics against an array of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, it has been unattainable to overcome this hurdle for a long time. Parallelly, the search for a new and alternative drug has become a high priority in every part of the world.

:In the last two decades, immense interest has grown in natural products as alternative therapeutics due to their lower toxicity, chemical group diversity and biochemical specificity, which are the upper hand compared to antibiotics. Essential oils are naturally found phytochemicals obtained from approximately 60 families of plants. These are composed of 20 to 60 different bioactive components at different concentrations and have already been reported for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-parasitic, insecticidal activities, antioxidant and antiseptic properties. This review focuses on antimicrobial activities, detailed mode of action and the latest progress in the research on the essential oil.