The Intriguing Connection between Cholestasis and the Renin-Angiotensin System Dysregulation Induced by SARS-CoV-2 and/or the Vaccinal Spike Protein


Cite item

Full Text

About the authors

Ziad Fajloun

epartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Ziad Khattar

Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Jean-Marc Sabatier

INP, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

References

  1. Poupon R. Cholestase et maladies cholestatiques. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2009; 33(8-9): 778-88. doi: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.04.002 PMID: 19556086
  2. Boyer JL. Bile formation and secretion. Compr Physiol 2013; 3(3): 1035-78. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c120027 PMID: 23897680
  3. Padda MS, Sanchez M, Akhtar AJ, Boyer JL. Drug-induced cholestasis. Hepatology 2011; 53(4): 1377-87. doi: 10.1002/hep.24229 PMID: 21480339
  4. Österreicher CH, Trauner M. Xenobiotic-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8(5): 571-80. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.674511 PMID: 22452290
  5. Hewison M. Vitamin D and innate immunity. Current opinion in investigational drugs 2008; 9(5): 485-90.
  6. Bataller R, Gäbele E, Parsons CJ, et al. Systemic infusion of angiotensin II exacerbates liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats. Hepatology 2005; 41(5): 1046-55. doi: 10.1002/hep.20665 PMID: 15841463
  7. Bataller R, Ginès P, Nicolás JM, et al. Angiotensin II induces contraction and proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 2000; 118(6): 1149-56. doi: 10.1016/S0016-5085(00)70368-4 PMID: 10833490
  8. Bataller R, Sancho-Bru P, Ginês P, Brenner DA. Liver fibrogenesis: A new role for the renin-angiotensin system. Antioxid Redox Signal 2005; 7(9-10): 1346-55. doi: 10.1089/ars.2005.7.1346 PMID: 16115040
  9. Fajloun Z, Sabatier JM. The unsuspected role of the renin-angiotensin system (ras): could its dysregulation be at the root of all non-genetic human diseases? Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24(1): e140923221085. Advance online publication doi: 10.2174/1871526524666230914114524 PMID: 37711109
  10. Dinh DT, Frauman AG, Johnston CI, Fabiani ME. Angiotensin receptors: Distribution, signalling and function. Clinical science 2001; 100(5): 481-92.
  11. Glaser S S, Onori P, Wise C, et al. Recent advances in the regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation and function during extrahepatic cholestasis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2010; 42(4): 245-52. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.01.008
  12. Annweiler C, Cao Z, Wu Y, et al. Counter-regulatory ‘renin-angiotensin’ system-based candidate drugs to treat COVID-19 diseases in SARS-CoV-2-infected Patients. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20(4): 407-8. doi: 10.2174/22123989MTA2cNzIlw PMID: 32418532
  13. Coto E, Avanzas P, Gómez J. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and coronavirus disease 2019. Eur Cardiol 2021; 16: e07. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2020.30 PMID: 33737961
  14. El-Arif G, Farhat A, Khazaal S, et al. The renin-angiotensin system: A key role in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Molecules 2021; 26(22): 6945. doi: 10.3390/molecules26226945 PMID: 34834033
  15. El-Arif G, Khazaal S, Farhat A, et al. Angiotensin II type i receptor (AT1R): The gate towards COVID-19-associated diseases. Molecules 2022; 27(7): 2048. doi: 10.3390/molecules27072048 PMID: 35408447
  16. Khazaal S, Harb J, Rima M, et al. The pathophysiology of long COVID throughout the renin-angiotensin system. Molecules 2022; 27(9): 2903. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092903 PMID: 35566253
  17. Sabatier J-M, Fajloun Z, Legros C. COVID-19 and ehlers-danlos syndrome: The dangers of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(3): e040123212375. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230104145108 PMID: 36600622
  18. Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z, Kovacic H, Legros C, Sabatier JM. Why do athletes develop very severe or fatal forms of covid after intense exercise following SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Anti-COVID Vaccination? Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(4): e110123212563. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230111104355 PMID: 36631923
  19. Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z, Kovacic H, Legros C, Sabatier JM. SIBO: The trail of a "new" human pathology associated with multiple severe and disabling COVID-19 and Long COVID symptoms or induced by the anti-covid-19 vaccine. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(4): e100223213593. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230210162334 PMID: 36762752
  20. Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z, Kovacic H, Legros C, Sabatier JM. Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination, COVID-19, and female contraception: The exacerbated risks (thromboembolism) of the estrogen-progestin Pill. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(4): e240223214000. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230224094439 PMID: 36823996
  21. Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z, Kovacic H, Legros C, Sabatier JM. Understanding and relieving of neuropathic disorders in the long COVID. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(4): e270223214061. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230227113205 PMID: 36843369
  22. Fajloun Z, Abi Khattar Z, Kovacic H, Sabatier JM. COVID-19 and anti-COVID-19 vaccination: Potential damages to the thyroid gland. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(6): e090523216698. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230509112038 PMID: 37165584
  23. Fajloun Z, Wu Y, Cao Z, Kovacic H, Sabatier JM. COVID-19 and alzheimer’s disease: The link finally established. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(7): e290523217428. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230529162633 PMID: 37254552
  24. Fajloun Z, Wu Y, Cao Z, Kovacic H, Sabatier JM. COVID-19 and parkinson’s disease: The link also established! Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23(8): e190623218061. doi: 10.2174/1871526523666230619104142 PMID: 37340743
  25. Okamoto K, Tajima H, Nakanuma S, et al. Angiotensin II enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the interaction between activated hepatic stellate cells and the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2012; 41(2): 573-82. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1499 PMID: 22664794
  26. Okamoto K, Tajima H, Ohta T, et al. Angiotensin II induces tumor progression and fibrosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through an interaction with hepatic stellate cells. Int J Oncol 2010; 37(5): 1251-9. doi: 10.3892/ijo_00000776 PMID: 20878072

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Bentham Science Publishers