Therapeutic Effects of Arctiin on Alzheimer's Disease-like Model in Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inflammasomes and Fibrosis


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Abstract

Background:Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects approximately 50 million people globally and is expected to triple by 2050. Arctiin is a lignan found in the Arctium lappa L. plant. Arctiin possesses anti-proliferative, antioxidative and anti-adipogenic.

Objectives:We aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of Arctiin on rats with AD by evaluating the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2.

Methods:AD was induced in rats by administering 70 mg/kg of aluminum chloride through intraperitoneal injection daily for six weeks. After inducing AD, some rats were treated with 25 mg/kg of Arctiin daily for three weeks through oral gavage. Furthermore, to examine the brain tissue structure, hippocampal sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and anti-TLR4 antibodies. The collected samples were analyzed for gene expression and protein levels of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2.

Results:In behavioral tests, rats showed a significant improvement in their behavior when treated with Arctiin. Microimages stained with hematoxylin/eosin showed that Arctiin helped to improve the structure and cohesion of the hippocampus, which was previously impaired by AD. Furthermore, Arctiin reduced the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, STAT3, TGF-β, cyclin D1, and CDK2.

Conclusion:Arctiin can enhance rats’ behavior and structure of the hippocampus in AD rats. This is achieved through its ability to reduce the expression of both TLR4 and NLRP3, hence inhibiting the inflammasome pathway. Furthermore, Arctiin can improve tissue fibrosis by regulating STAT3 and TGF-β. Lastly, it can block the cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and CDK2.

About the authors

Mohamed Almeaqli

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yazeed Alaidaa

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Faisal Alnajjar

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Abdullah Al Shararh

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Danah Alharbi

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yazeed Almslmani

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yousef Alotibi

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Hani Alrashidi

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Wael Alshehri

PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Hanan Hassan

Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mohammed Al-Gayyar

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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