Assessing the Stability of Clusters of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimers Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Авторы: Scarfo S.1, Moshfeghi Y.2, McGeown W.1
-
Учреждения:
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde
- Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde
- Выпуск: Том 21, № 4 (2024)
- Страницы: 258-275
- Раздел: Medicine
- URL: https://vietnamjournal.ru/1567-2050/article/view/643786
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050309014240705113444
- ID: 643786
Цитировать
Полный текст
Аннотация
Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms and how they might evolve over time in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimers disease (AD) dementia.
Background:Neuropsychiatric symptoms are psychiatric and behavioural manifestations that occur in people with AD. These are highly prevalent along the continuum of the disease, including at the stage of MCI, as well as before cognitive decline. Various small- and large-scale projects have investigated the underlying factors that underpin these symptoms; however, the identification of clear clusters is still a matter of debate; furthermore, no study has investigated how the clusters might change across the development of AD pathology by comparing different time points.
Objective:Our objective was to investigate the factors that underpin neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimers disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and to assess how the loadings might differ based on considerations such as the disease stage of the samples.
Methods:Data was obtained from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (adni. loni.usc.edu), using scores from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, followed up yearly from baseline until month 72. Participant groups included those with MCI or AD dementia, or a mixture of both, with all participants presenting with at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. A series of exploratory Principal Component and Factor (Principal Axis) Analyses were performed using Direct Oblimin rotation.
Results:The best-fitting structure was interpreted for each time point. A consistent, unique structure could not be identified, as the factors were unstable over time, both within the MCI and AD groups. However, some symptoms showed a tendency to load on the same factors across most measurements (i.e., agitation with irritability, depression with anxiety, elation with disinhibition, delusions with hallucinations).
Conclusion:Although the analyses revealed some degree of co-occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms across time points/samples, there was also considerable variation. In the AD group, more discrete syndromes were evident at the early time points, whereas a more complex picture of co-occurring symptoms, with differences likely reflecting disease staging, was seen at later time points. As a clear and distinctive factor structure was not consistently identified across time points/ samples, this highlights the potential importance of sample selection (e.g., disease stage and/or heterogeneity) when studying, for example, the neurobiological underpinnings of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Об авторах
Sara Scarfo
Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Yashar Moshfeghi
Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde
Email: info@benthamscience.net
William McGeown
Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Список литературы
- Steinberg M, Shao H, Zandi P, et al. Point and 5-year period prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: The cache county study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 23(2): 170-7. doi: 10.1002/gps.1858 PMID: 17607801
- Gallagher D, Fischer CE, Iaboni A. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. Can J Psychiatry 2017; 62(3): 161-9. doi: 10.1177/0706743716648296 PMID: 28212495
- Ismail Z, Creese B, Aarsland D, et al. Psychosis in Alzheimer disease mechanisms, genetics and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18(3): 131-44. doi: 10.1038/s41582-021-00597-3 PMID: 34983978
- Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi DA, Gornbein J. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 1994; 44(12): 2308-14. doi: 10.1212/WNL.44.12.2308 PMID: 7991117
- Peters ME, Schwartz S, Han D, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as predictors of progression to severe Alzheimers dementia and death: the Cache County Dementia Progression Study. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172(5): 460-5. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040480 PMID: 25585033
- Poulin SP, Bergeron D, Dickerson BC. Risk factors, neuroanatomical correlates, and outcome of neuropsychiatric symptoms in alzheimers disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60(2): 483-93. doi: 10.3233/JAD-160767 PMID: 28869463
- Zhao QF, Tan L, Wang HF, et al. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimers disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2016; 190: 264-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.069 PMID: 26540080
- Geda YE, Schneider LS, Gitlin LN, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimers disease: Past progress and anticipation of the future. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9(5): 602-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.12.001 PMID: 23562430
- Hiu SKW, Bigirumurame T, Kunonga P, Bryant A, Pillai M. Neuropsychiatric Inventory domains cluster into neuropsychiatric syndromes in Alzheimers disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2022; 12(9): e2734. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2734 PMID: 35939055
- Gottesman RT, Stern Y. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia and rate of decline in alzheimers disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10: 1062. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01062 PMID: 31616296
- Watkins MW. Exploratory factor analysis: A guide to best practice. J Black Psychol 2018; 44(3): 219-46. doi: 10.1177/0095798418771807
- Cheng ST, Kwok T, Lam LCW. Neuropsychiatric symptom clusters of Alzheimers disease in Hong Kong Chinese: prevalence and confirmatory factor analysis of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Int Psychogeriatr 2012; 24(9): 1465-73. doi: 10.1017/S1041610212000609 PMID: 22717370
- Apostolova LG, Di LJ, Duffy EL, et al. Risk factors for behavioral abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimers disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2014; 37(5-6): 315-26. doi: 10.1159/000351009 PMID: 24481207
- Aalten P, Verhey FRJ, Boziki M, et al. Neuropsychiatric syndromes in dementia. Results from the European Alzheimer Disease Consortium: part I. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007; 24(6): 457-63. doi: 10.1159/000110738 PMID: 17986816
- Hollingworth P, Hamshere ML, Moskvina V, et al. Four components describe behavioral symptoms in 1,120 individuals with late-onset Alzheimers disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006; 54(9): 1348-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00854.x PMID: 16970641
- Kang HS, Ahn IS, Kim JH, Kim DK. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in korean patients with Alzheimers disease: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the neuropsychiatric inventory. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010; 29(1): 82-7. doi: 10.1159/000264629 PMID: 20130406
- Nagata T, Shinagawa S, Nakajima S, et al. Classification of neuropsychiatric symptoms requiring antipsychotic treatment in patients with alzheimers disease: Analysis of the CATIE-AD Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50(3): 839-45. doi: 10.3233/JAD-150869 PMID: 26836181
- De Vito AN, Calamia M, Weitzner DS, Bernstein JPK. Examining differences in neuropsychiatric symptom factor trajectories in empirically derived mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33(12): 1627-34. doi: 10.1002/gps.4963 PMID: 30276884
- Wadsworth LP, Lorius N, Donovan NJ, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and global functional impairment along the Alzheimers continuum. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012; 34(2): 96-111. doi: 10.1159/000342119 PMID: 22922821
- Edwards ER, Spira AP, Barnes DE, Yaffe K. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment: differences by subtype and progression to dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 24(7): 716-22. doi: 10.1002/gps.2187 PMID: 19140134
- Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. ADNI ⋅ Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (usc.edu). 2022. Available from: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/
- ADNI 2 Protocol. 2008. Available from: https://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/adni2-procedures-manual.pdf
- ADNI 3 Protocol. 2012. Available from: https://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ADNI3-Procedures-Manual_v3.0_20170627.pdf
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12(3): 189-98. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 PMID: 1202204
- Berg L. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Psychopharmacol Bull 1988; 24(4): 637-9. PMID: 3249765
- Costello AB, Osborne J. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess, Res Eval 2005; 10: 1-9.
- Stevens JP. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. (4th ed.), Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers 2002.
- Kaiser HF. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika 1974; 39(1): 31-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02291575
- Bartlett MS. A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximations. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 1954; 16(2): 296-8. doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00174.x
- Corp IBM. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp 2021. Internet Available from: https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/how-cite-ibm-spss-statistics-or-earlier-versions-spss
- Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. (5th ed.), Allyn & Bacon, Inc. 2006.
- Kaiser HF. The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis. Educ Psychol Meas 1960; 20(1): 141-51. doi: 10.1177/001316446002000116
- Cattell RB. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behav Res 1966; 1(2): 245-76. doi: 10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10 PMID: 26828106
- Ehrenberg AJ, Suemoto CK, França Resende EP, et al. Neuropathologic correlates of psychiatric symptoms in alzheimers disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66(1): 115-26. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180688 PMID: 30223398
- Nelson RS, Abner EL, Jicha GA, et al. Neurodegenerative pathologies associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in a community-based autopsy cohort. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11(1): 89. doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01576-z PMID: 37269007
- Tu MC, Huang WH, Hsu YH, Lo CP, Deng JF, Huang CF. Comparison of neuropsychiatric symptoms and diffusion tensor imaging correlates among patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimers disease. BMC Neurol 2017; 17(1): 144. doi: 10.1186/s12883-017-0911-5 PMID: 28754095
- Bettney L, Butt S, Morris J, et al. Investigating the stability of neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes with progression of dementia: A 2-year prospective study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27(11): 1118-23. doi: 10.1002/gps.2829 PMID: 22250004
- Serra L, Bruschini M, Di Domenico C, et al. Behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia and functional connectivity changes: A network-based study. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94: 196-206. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.009 PMID: 32645548
- Garre-Olmo J, López-Pousa S, Vilalta-Franch J, de Gracia Blanco M, Vilarrasa AB. Grouping and trajectories of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimers disease, part I: symptom clusters. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 22(4): 1157-67. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-101212 PMID: 20930289
- Mirakhur A, Craig D, Hart DJ, Mcllroy SP, Passmore AP. Behavioural and psychological syndromes in Alzheimers disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004; 19(11): 1035-9. doi: 10.1002/gps.1203 PMID: 15481075
- Truzzi A, Ulstein I, Valente L, et al. Patterns of neuropsychiatric sub-syndromes in Brazilian and Norwegian patients with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2013; 25(2): 228-35. doi: 10.1017/S1041610212001640 PMID: 23113901
- Groen RN, Ryan O, Wigman JTW, et al. Comorbidity between depression and anxiety: assessing the role of bridge mental states in dynamic psychological networks. BMC Med 2020; 18(1): 308. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01738-z PMID: 32988400
- Wu H, Cottingham C, Chen L, et al. Age-dependent differential regulation of anxiety and depression-related behaviors by neurabin and spinophilin. PLoS One 2017; 12(7): e0180638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180638 PMID: 28700667
- Colombo M, Vitali S, Cairati M, Vaccaro R, Andreoni G, Guaita A. Behavioral and psychotic symptoms of dementia (BPSD) improvements in a special care unit: A factor analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2007; 44 (Suppl. 1): 113-20. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2007.01.017 PMID: 17317443
- Hartley S, Barrowclough C, Haddock G. Anxiety and depression in psychosis: A systematic review of associations with positive psychotic symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013; 128(5): 327-46. doi: 10.1111/acps.12080 PMID: 23379898
- Wilkosz PA, Kodavali C, Weamer EA, et al. Prediction of psychosis onset in Alzheimer disease: the role of depression symptom severity and the HTR2A T102C polymorphism. American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics: the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 2007; 144B(8): 1054-62.
- Wilkosz PA, Miyahara S, Lopez OL, Dekosky ST, Sweet RA. Prediction of psychosis onset in Alzheimer disease: The role of cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and further evidence for psychosis subtypes. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry: official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2006; 14(4): 352-60.
- Bassiony MM, Warren A, Rosenblatt A, et al. The relationship between delusions and depression in Alzheimers disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17(6): 549-56. doi: 10.1002/gps.641 PMID: 12112179
- Mizrahi R, Starkstein SE, Jorge R, Robinson RG. Phenomenology and clinical correlates of delusions in Alzheimer disease. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry: official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 2006; 14(7): 573-81.
- Lanctôt KL, Agüera-Ortiz L, Brodaty H, et al. Apathy associated with neurocognitive disorders: Recent progress and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13(1): 84-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.008 PMID: 27362291
- Tascone LS, Bottino CMC. Neurobiology of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimers disease: A critical review with a focus on neuroimaging. Dement Neuropsychol 2013; 7(3): 236-43. doi: 10.1590/S1980-57642013DN70300002 PMID: 29213845
- Lanctôt KL, Ismail Z, Bawa KK, et al. Distinguishing apathy from depression: A review differentiating the behavioral, neuroanatomic, and treatment-related aspects of apathy from depression in neurocognitive disorders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38(2): e5882. doi: 10.1002/gps.5882 PMID: 36739588
- Mortby ME, Adler L, Agüera-Ortiz L, et al. Apathy as a treatment target in alzheimers disease: Implications for clinical trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30(2): 119-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.016 PMID: 34315645
- Mograbi DC, Morris RG. On the relation among mood, apathy, and anosognosia in Alzheimers disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014; 20(1): 2-7. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713001276 PMID: 24331082
- Hollingworth P, Sweet R, Sims R, et al. Genome-wide association study of Alzheimers disease with psychotic symptoms. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17(12): 1316-27. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.125 PMID: 22005930
- Fischer CE, Ismail Z, Youakim JM, et al. Revisiting criteria for psychosis in alzheimers disease and related dementias: Toward better phenotypic classification and biomarker research. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73(3): 1143-56. doi: 10.3233/JAD-190828 PMID: 31884469
- Selbæk G, Engedal K. Stability of the factor structure of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory in a 31-month follow-up study of a large sample of nursing-home patients with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2012; 24(1): 62-73. doi: 10.1017/S104161021100086X PMID: 21682940
- Liu S, Wang X, Zheng Q, Gao L, Sun Q. Sleep deprivation and central appetite regulation. Nutrients 2022; 14(24): 5196. doi: 10.3390/nu14245196 PMID: 36558355
- van der Linde RM, Dening T, Matthews FE, Brayne C. Grouping of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29(6): 562-8. doi: 10.1002/gps.4037 PMID: 24677112
- Reeve S, Sheaves B, Freeman D. The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2015; 42: 96-115. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.001 PMID: 26407540
- Benca R, Herring WJ, Khandker R, Qureshi ZP. Burden of insomnia and sleep disturbances and the impact of sleep treatments in patients with probable or possible alzheimers disease: A structured literature review. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86(1): 83-109. doi: 10.3233/JAD-215324 PMID: 35001893
Дополнительные файлы
