Dietary, Herbal and Nutritional Interventions for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review
- Authors: Verma A.1, Dubey N.1, Agrawal A.1, Goyal A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,, GLA University
- Issue: Vol 25, No 2 (2024)
- Pages: 125-132
- Section: Biotechnology
- URL: https://vietnamjournal.ru/1389-2010/article/view/644736
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201024666230807155529
- ID: 644736
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory disease that affects joints and leads to progressive cartilage and bone deterioration. The susceptibility to RA is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Recently, many efforts have been undertaken to develop natural compounds capable of reducing the symptoms of RA to avoid the negative effects of the current anti-inflammatory drugs. Interestingly, substantial data has revealed that nutritional, and herbal supplements may be effective adjuvants in reducing the symptoms of RA by influencing the pathogenic inflammatory processes. In this context, various kinds of food, phenolic substances, spices like ginger, and turmeric, several vitamins, and probiotics are reported to control the activity of inflammatory molecules implicated in the pathophysiology of RA and therefore, have proved successful in slowing the course of this arthritic illness. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to compile various findings on RA that have revealed illuminating information about the antiinflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and bone erosion-preventing properties of nutritional, and herbal components. Conclusively, this review concentrates on natural ingredients that may enhance overall well-being, promote health, and lessen the risk of RA.
Keywords
About the authors
Aanchal Verma
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,, GLA University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Nandini Dubey
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,, GLA University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Anant Agrawal
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,, GLA University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Ahsas Goyal
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,, GLA University
Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net
References
- Gabriel, S.E.; Michaud, K. Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res. Ther., 2009, 11(3), 229. doi: 10.1186/ar2669 PMID: 19519924
- Heidari, B. Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Caspian J. Intern. Med., 2011, 2(1), 161-170. PMID: 24024009
- Alamanos, Y.; Drosos, A. Epidemiology of adult rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun. Rev., 2005, 4(3), 130-136. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2004.09.002 PMID: 15823498
- Myasoedova, E.; Crowson, C.S.; Kremers, H.M.; Therneau, T.M.; Gabriel, S.E. Is the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis rising?: Results from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1955-2007. Arthritis Rheum., 2010, 62(6), 1576-1582. doi: 10.1002/art.27425 PMID: 20191579
- Arayssi, T.; Harfouche, M.; Darzi, A.; Al Emadi, S.; Alnaqbi, A. K.; Badsha, H.; Al Balushi, F.; Dib, C.; Elzorkany, B.; Halabi, H.; Hammoudeh, M.; Hazer, W.; Masri, B.; Merashli, M.; Omair, M.; Salloum, N.; Uthman, I.; Zahirovic, S.; Ziade, N.; Bannuru, R.R.; McAlindon, T.; Nomier, M.A.; Singh, J.A.; Christensen, R.; Tugwell, P.; Schünemann, H.; Akl, E.A. Recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis in the eastern mediterranean region: An adolopment of the 2015 American College of Rheumatology guidelines. Clin. Rheumatol., 2018, 37(11), 2947-2959. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4245-5 PMID: 30097896
- Handa, R.; Rao, U.R.K.; Lewis, J.F.M.; Rambhad, G.; Shiff, S.; Ghia, C.J. Literature review of rheumatoid arthritis in India. Int. J. Rheum. Dis., 2016, 19(5), 440-451. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12621 PMID: 26171649
- Finckh, A.; Gilbert, B.; Hodkinson, B.; Bae, S.C.; Thomas, R.; Deane, K.D.; Alpizar-Rodriguez, D.; Lauper, K. Global epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 2022, 18(10), 591-602. PMID: 36068354
- Cojocaru, M.; Cojocaru, I.M.; Silosi, I.; Vrabie, C.D.; Tanasescu, R. Extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Maedica (Buchar.), 2010, 5(4), 286-291. PMID: 21977172
- Lindhardsen, J.; Ahlehoff, O.; Gislason, G.H.; Madsen, O.R.; Olesen, J.B.; Torp-Pedersen, C.; Hansen, P.R. The risk of myocardial infarction in rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2011, 70(6), 929-934. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.143396 PMID: 21389043
- Aletaha, D.; Smolen, J.S. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: A review. JAMA, 2018, 320(13), 1360-1372. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.13103 PMID: 30285183
- Akiyama, M.; Kaneko, Y. Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Autoimmun. Rev., 2022, 21(5), 103056. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103056 PMID: 35121155
- Chehade, L.; Jaafar, Z.A.; El Masri, D.; Zmerly, H.; Kreidieh, D.; Tannir, H.; Itani, L.; El Ghoch, M. Lifestyle modification in rheumatoid arthritis: Dietary and physical activity recommendations based on evidence. Curr. Rheumatol. Rev., 2019, 15(3), 209-214. doi: 10.2174/1573397115666190121135940 PMID: 30666911
- Soeken, K.L.; Miller, S.A.; Ernst, E. Herbal medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Br. J. Rheumatol., 2003, 42(5), 652-659. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg183 PMID: 12709541
- Dragos, D.; Gilca, M.; Gaman, L.; Vlad, A.; Iosif, L.; Stoian, I.; Lupescu, O. Phytomedicine in joint disorders. Nutrients, 2017, 9(1), 70. doi: 10.3390/nu9010070 PMID: 28275210
- Pedersen, M.; Stripp, C.; Klarlund, M.; Olsen, S.F.; Tjønneland, A.M.; Frisch, M. Diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a prospective cohort. J. Rheumatol., 2005, 32(7), 1249-1252. PMID: 15996059
- Philippou, E.; Nikiphorou, E. Are we really what we eat? Nutrition and its role in the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun. Rev., 2018, 17(11), 1074-1077. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.009 PMID: 30213695
- Alwarith, J.; Kahleova, H.; Rembert, E.; Yonas, W.; Dort, S.; Calcagno, M.; Burgess, N.; Crosby, L.; Barnard, N.D. Nutrition interventions in rheumatoid arthritis: The potential use of plant-based diets. A review. Front. Nutr., 2019, 6, 141. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00141 PMID: 31552259
- Umar, S.; Umar, K.; Sarwar, A.H.M.G.; Khan, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, S.; Katiyar, C.K.; Husain, S.A.; Khan, H.A. Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. Phytomedicine, 2014, 21(6), 847-856. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.001 PMID: 24667331
- Akhtar, N.; Miller, M.J.S.; Haqqi, T.M. Effect of a Herbal-Leucine mix on the IL-1β-induced cartilage degradation and inflammatory gene expression in human chondrocytes. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2011, 11(1), 66. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-66 PMID: 21854562
- Choy, E. Understanding the dynamics: Pathways involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 2012, 51(Suppl. 5), v3-v11. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes113 PMID: 22718924
- Byng-Maddick, R.; Ehrenstein, M.R. The impact of biological therapy on regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 2015, 54(5), 768-775. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu487 PMID: 25667434
- Smolen, J.S.; Aletaha, D.; Barton, A.; Burmester, G.R.; Emery, P.; Firestein, G.S.; Kavanaugh, A.; McInnes, I.B.; Solomon, D.H.; Strand, V.; Yamamoto, K. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 2018, 4(1), 18001. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.1 PMID: 29417936
- Chen, Z.; Bozec, A.; Ramming, A.; Schett, G. Anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 2019, 15(1), 9-17. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0109-2 PMID: 30341437
- Bach-Faig, A.; Berry, E.M.; Lairon, D.; Reguant, J.; Trichopoulou, A.; Dernini, S.; Medina, F.X.; Battino, M.; Belahsen, R.; Miranda, G.; Serra-Majem, L. Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr., 2011, 14(12A), 2274-2284. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011002515 PMID: 22166184
- Vallverdú-Queralt, A.; Regueiro, J.; Martínez-Huélamo, M.; Rinaldi Alvarenga, J.F.; Leal, L.N.; Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. A comprehensive study on the phenolic profile of widely used culinary herbs and spices: Rosemary, thyme, oregano, cinnamon, cumin and bay. Food Chem., 2014, 154, 299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.106 PMID: 24518346
- Dinu, M.; Pagliai, G.; Casini, A.; Sofi, F. Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2018, 72(1), 30-43. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.58 PMID: 28488692
- Matsumoto, Y.; Sugioka, Y.; Tada, M.; Okano, T.; Mamoto, K.; Inui, K.; Habu, D.; Koike, T. Monounsaturated fatty acids might be key factors in the mediterranean diet that suppress rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: The TOMORROW study. Clin. Nutr., 2018, 37(2), 675-680. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.011 PMID: 28285975
- McKellar, G.; Morrison, E.; McEntegart, A.; Hampson, R.; Tierney, A.; Mackle, G.; Scoular, J.; Scott, J.A.; Capell, H.A. A pilot study of a Mediterranean-type diet intervention in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis living in areas of social deprivation in Glasgow. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2007, 66(9), 1239-1243. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.065151 PMID: 17613557
- Oliviero, F.; Spinella, P.; Fiocco, U.; Ramonda, R.; Sfriso, P.; Punzi, L. How the Mediterranean diet and some of its components modulate inflammatory pathways in arthritis. Swiss Med. Wkly., 2015, 145, w14190. doi: 10.4414/smw.2015.14190 PMID: 26523418
- Philippou, E. The glycemic index: Applications in practice; CRC Press: Nicosia, Cyprus; London, UK, 2016. doi: 10.1201/9781315371764
- Papandreou, P.; Gioxari, A.; Daskalou, E.; Grammatikopoulou, M.G.; Skouroliakou, M.; Bogdanos, D.P. Mediterranean diet and physical activity nudges versus usual care in women with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the MADEIRA randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 2023, 15(3), 676. doi: 10.3390/nu15030676 PMID: 36771382
- Lozada-Mellado, M.; Llorente, L.; Hinojosa-Azaola, A.; García-Morales, J.M.; Ogata-Medel, M.; Alcocer-Varela, J.; Pineda-Juárez, J.A.; Castillo-Martínez, L. Comparison of the impacts of a dynamic exercise program vs. a Mediterranean diet on serum cytokine concentrations in women with rheumatoid arthritis. A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Front. Nutr., 2022, 9, 834824. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834824 PMID: 35548581
- Sadeghi, A.; Tabatabaiee, M.; Mousavi, M.A.; Mousavi, S.N.; Abdollahi Sabet, S.; Jalili, N. Dietary pattern or weight loss: Which one is more important to reduce disease activity score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A randomized feeding trial. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 2022, 2022, 1-6. doi: 10.1155/2022/6004916 PMID: 35685522
- Holst-Jensen, S.E.; Pfeiffer-Jensen, M.; Monsrud, M.; Tarp, U.; Buus, A.; Hessov, I.; Thorling, E.; Stengaard-Pedersen, K. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a peptide diet: A randomized, controlled trial. Scand. J. Rheumatol., 1998, 27(5), 329-336. doi: 10.1080/03009749850154339 PMID: 9808394
- Podas, T.; Nightingale, J.M.D.; Oldham, R.; Roy, S.; Sheehan, N.J.; Mayberry, J.F. Is rheumatoid arthritis a disease that starts in the intestine? A pilot study comparing an elemental diet with oral prednisolone. Postgrad. Med. J., 2007, 83(976), 128-131. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.050245 PMID: 17308218
- Kavanagh, R.; Workman, E.; Nash, P.; Smith, M.; Hazleman, B.L.; Hunter, J.O. The effects of elemental diet and subsequent food reintroduction on rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 1995, 34(3), 270-273. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.3.270 PMID: 7728405
- Serhan, C.N.; Chiang, N.; Dalli, J. The resolution code of acute inflammation: Novel pro-resolving lipid mediators in resolution. Semin. Immunol., 2015, 27(3), 200-215. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.004 PMID: 25857211
- Müller, H.; de Toledo, F.W.; Resch, K.L. Fasting followed by vegetarian diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Scand. J. Rheumatol., 2001, 30(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1080/030097401750065256 PMID: 11252685
- Newman, J.C.; Verdin, E. Ketone bodies as signaling metabolites. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 2014, 25(1), 42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.002 PMID: 24140022
- Youm, Y.H.; Nguyen, K.Y.; Grant, R.W.; Goldberg, E.L.; Bodogai, M.; Kim, D.; DAgostino, D.; Planavsky, N.; Lupfer, C.; Kanneganti, T.D.; Kang, S.; Horvath, T.L.; Fahmy, T.M.; Crawford, P.A.; Biragyn, A.; Alnemri, E.; Dixit, V.D. The ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Nat. Med., 2015, 21(3), 263-269. doi: 10.1038/nm.3804 PMID: 25686106
- Vandanmagsar, B.; Youm, Y.H.; Ravussin, A.; Galgani, J.E.; Stadler, K.; Mynatt, R.L.; Ravussin, E.; Stephens, J.M.; Dixit, V.D. The NLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat. Med., 2011, 17(2), 179-188. doi: 10.1038/nm.2279 PMID: 21217695
- Ravussin, E.; Redman, L.M.; Rochon, J.; Das, S.K.; Fontana, L.; Kraus, W.E.; Romashkan, S.; Williamson, D.A.; Meydani, S.N.; Villareal, D.T.; Smith, S.R.; Stein, R.I.; Scott, T.M.; Stewart, T.M.; Saltzman, E.; Klein, S.; Bhapkar, M.; Martin, C.K.; Gilhooly, C.H.; Holloszy, J.O.; Hadley, E.C.; Roberts, S.B. A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: Feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2015, 70(9), 1097-1104. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glv057 PMID: 26187233
- Murti, Y.; Agrawal, K.K.; Semwal, B.C.; Gupta, J.; Gupta, R. A review on novel herbal drug delivery system and its application. Curr. Tradit. Med., 2023, 9(2), e280422204154. doi: 10.2174/2215083808666220428092638
- Agrawal, K.K.; Murti, Y. Tangeretin: A biologically potential citrus flavone. Curr. Tradit. Med., 2022, 8(4), 31-41.
- Ahuja, A.; Singh, S. Impact of the current scenario and future perspectives for the management of oral diseases: Remarkable contribution of herbs in dentistry. Antiinfect. Agents, 2022, 20(5), e050422203119. doi: 10.2174/2211352520666220405124929
- Scalbert, A.; Manach, C.; Morand, C.; Rémésy, C.; Jiménez, L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2005, 45(4), 287-306. doi: 10.1080/1040869059096 PMID: 16047496
- Kataoka, H.; Kono, H.; Patel, Z.; Rock, K.L.; Rock, K.L. Evaluation of the contribution of multiple DAMPs and DAMP receptors in cell death-induced sterile inflammatory responses. PLoS One, 2014, 9(8), e104741. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104741 PMID: 25127469
- Rahman, M.M.; Rahaman, M.S.; Islam, M.R.; Rahman, F.; Mithi, F.M.; Alqahtani, T.; Almikhlafi, M.A.; Alghamdi, S.Q.; Alruwaili, A.S.; Hossain, M.S.; Ahmed, M.; Das, R.; Emran, T.B.; Uddin, M.S. Role of phenolic compounds in human disease: Current knowledge and future prospects. Molecules, 2021, 27(1), 233. doi: 10.3390/molecules27010233 PMID: 35011465
- Sharma, D.; Chaubey, P.; Suvarna, V. Role of natural products in alleviation of rheumatoid arthritisA review. J. Food Biochem., 2021, 45(4), e13673. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13673 PMID: 33624882
- Al-Nahain, A.; Jahan, R.; Rahmatullah, M. Zingiber officinale: A potential plant against rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis, 2014, 2014, 1-8. doi: 10.1155/2014/159089 PMID: 24982806
- Aryaeian, N.; Shahram, F.; Mahmoudi, M.; Tavakoli, H.; Yousefi, B.; Arablou, T.; Jafari Karegar, S. The effect of ginger supplementation on some immunity and inflammation intermediate genes expression in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Gene, 2019, 698, 179-185. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.048 PMID: 30844477
- Grzanna, R.; Lindmark, L.; Frondoza, C.G. Ginger--an herbal medicinal product with broad anti-inflammatory actions. J. Med. Food, 2005, 8(2), 125-132. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.125 PMID: 16117603
- Ojewole, J.A.O. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (roscoe) rhizomes (zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. Phytother. Res., 2006, 20(9), 764-772. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1952 PMID: 16807883
- Ahsas, G.; Verma, A.; Agrawal, N.; Pathak, S. Ayurvedic herbs and spices: A promising approach for the treatment of COVID-19. Nat. Prod. J., 2022, 13(3), e200522205091.
- Chin, K.Y. The spice for joint inflammation: Anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in treating osteoarthritis. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 2016, 10, 3029-3042. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S117432 PMID: 27703331
- Shep, D.; Khanwelkar, C.; Gade, P.; Karad, S. Efficacy and safety of combination of curcuminoid complex and diclofenac versus diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis. Medicine, 2020, 99(16), e19723. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019723 PMID: 32311961
- Deodhar, S.D.; Sethi, R.; Srimal, R.C. Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Indian J. Med. Res., 1980, 71, 632-634. PMID: 7390600
- Zheng, Z.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, M.; Li, C.; Cai, H. The effect of curcumin and its nanoformulation on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 2015, 9, 4931-4942. PMID: 26345159
- Roberts, K.T. The potential of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) as a functional food and nutraceutical and its effects on glycemia and lipidemia. J. Med. Food, 2011, 14(12), 1485-1489. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0002 PMID: 21861724
- Singh, D.; Aggarwal, A.; Maurya, R.; Naik, S. Withania somnifera inhibits NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors in human peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Phytother. Res., 2007, 21(10), 905-913. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2180 PMID: 17562568
- Ganesan, K.; Sehgal, P.K.; Mandal, A.B.; Sayeed, S. Protective effect of Withania somnifera and Cardiospermum halicacabum extracts against collagenolytic degradation of collagen. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2011, 165(3-4), 1075-1091. doi: 10.1007/s12010-011-9326-8 PMID: 21789568
- Gupta, A.; Singh, S. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Withania somnifera root on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Pharm. Biol., 2014, 52(3), 308-320. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2013.835325 PMID: 24188460
- Khan, M.A.; Ahmed, R.S.; Chandra, N.; Arora, V.K.; Ali, A. In vivo, extract from Withaniasomnifera root ameliorates arthritis via regulation of key immune mediators of inflammation in experimental model of arthritis. Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem., 2019, 18(1), 55-70. doi: 10.2174/1871523017666181116092934 PMID: 30444203
- Baliga, M.S.; Mane, P.P.; Nallemgera, J.T.; Thilakchand, K.R.; Kalekhan, F. Chapter 5 - dietary spices in the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis: Past, present, and future. In: Foods and Dietary Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease in Older Adults; Academic Press, 2015; p. 41-49.
- Al-Okbi, S.Y. Nutraceuticals of anti-inflammatory activity as complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 2014, 30(8), 738-749. doi: 10.1177/0748233712462468 PMID: 23104728
- Gheita, T.A.; Kenawy, S.A. Effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil in the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients: A placebo controlled study. Phytother. Res., 2012, 26(8), 1246-1248. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3679 PMID: 22162258
- Chanda, D.; Shanker, K.; Pal, A.; Luqman, S.; Bawankule, D.U.; Mani, D.; Darokar, M.P. Safety evaluation of Trikatu, a generic Ayurvedic medicine in Charles Foster rats. J. Toxicol. Sci., 2009, 34(1), 99-108. doi: 10.2131/jts.34.99 PMID: 19182439
- Aslam, M.M.; John, P.; Bhatti, A.; Jahangir, S.; Kamboh, M.I. Vitamin D as a principal factor in mediating rheumatoid arthritis-derived immune response. BioMed Res. Int., 2019, 2019, 1-12. doi: 10.1155/2019/3494937 PMID: 31205940
- Muscogiuri, G.; Mitri, J.; Mathieu, C.; Badenhoop, K.; Tamer, G.; Orio, F.; Mezza, T.; Vieth, R.; Colao, A.; Pittas, A. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Vitamin D as a potential contributor in endocrine health and disease. Eur. J. Endocrinol., 2014, 171(3), R101-R110. doi: 10.1530/EJE-14-0158 PMID: 24872497
- Bellan, M.; Sainaghi, P.P.; Pirisi, M. Role of vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2017, 996, 155-168. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_13 PMID: 29124698
- Cantorna, M.T.; Hayes, C.E.; DeLuca, H.F. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol inhibits the progression of arthritis in murine models of human arthritis. J. Nutr., 1998, 128(1), 68-72. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.1.68 PMID: 9430604
- Bogaczewicz, J.; Sysa-Jedrzejowska, A.; Arkuszewska, C.; Zabek, J.; Kontny, E.; McCauliffe, D.P.; Wozniacka, A. Vitamin D status in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and its association with selected clinical and laboratory parameters. Lupus, 2012, 21(5), 477-484. doi: 10.1177/0961203311427549 PMID: 22065093
- Luo, J.; Wen, H.; Guo, H.; Cai, Q.; Li, S.; Li, X. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the RANKL pathway and impacts on the production of pathway-associated cytokines in early rheumatoid arthritis. BioMed Res. Int., 2013, 2013, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2013/101805 PMID: 23710436
- Salesi, M.; Farajzadegan, Z. Efficacy of Vitamin D in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate therapy. Rheumatol. Int., 2012, 32(7), 2129-2133. doi: 10.1007/s00296-011-1944-5 PMID: 21523344
- Cerhan, J.R.; Saag, K.G.; Merlino, L.A.; Mikuls, T.R.; Criswell, L.A. Antioxidant micronutrients and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a cohort of older women. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2003, 157(4), 345-354. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf205 PMID: 12578805
- Mahajan, A.; Tandon, V.R. Antioxidants and rheumatoid arthritis. J. Indian Rheumatol. Assoc., 2004, 12, 139-142.
- Bandt, M.D.; Grossin, M.; Driss, F.; Pincemail, J.; Babin-Chevaye, C.; Pasquier, C. Vitamin E uncouples joint destruction and clinical inflammation in a transgenic mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 2002, 46(2), 522-532. doi: 10.1002/art.10085 PMID: 11840456
- Dai, W.; Qi, C.; Wang, S. Synergistic effect of glucosamine and vitamin E against experimental rheumatoid arthritis in neonatal rats. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2018, 105, 835-840. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.136 PMID: 30021375
- Aqaeinezhad Rudbane, S.M.; Rahmdel, S.; Abdollahzadeh, S.M.; Zare, M.; Bazrafshan, A.; Mazloomi, S.M. The efficacy of probiotic supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Inflammopharmacology, 2018, 26(1), 67-76. doi: 10.1007/s10787-017-0436-y PMID: 29302905
- Wang, P.; Tao, J.H.; Pan, H.F. Probiotic bacteria: A viable adjuvant therapy for relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology, 2016, 24(5), 189-196. doi: 10.1007/s10787-016-0277-0 PMID: 27581587
- Vaghef-Mehrabany, E.; Alipour, B.; Homayouni-Rad, A.; Sharif, S.K.; Asghari-Jafarabadi, M.; Zavvari, S. Probiotic supplementation improves inflammatory status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition, 2014, 30(4), 430-435. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.007 PMID: 24355439
- Alipour, B.; Homayouni-Rad, A.; Vaghef-Mehrabany, E.; Sharif, S.K.; Vaghef-Mehrabany, L.; Asghari-Jafarabadi, M.; Nakhjavani, M.R.; Mohtadi-Nia, J. Effects of Lactobacillus casei supplementation on disease activity and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Int. J. Rheum. Dis., 2014, 17(5), 519-527. PMID: 24673738
- Khandpur, S.; Malhotra, A.K.; Bhatia, V.; Gupta, S.; Sharma, V.K.; Mishra, R.; Arora, N.K. Chronic arsenic toxicity from Ayurvedic medicines. Int. J. Dermatol., 2008, 47(6), 618-621. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03475.x PMID: 18477160
- Bolan, S.; Kunhikrishnan, A.; Seshadri, B.; Choppala, G.; Naidu, R.; Bolan, N.S.; Ok, Y.S.; Zhang, M.; Li, C.G.; Li, F.; Noller, B.; Kirkham, M.B. Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. Environ. Int., 2017, 108, 103-118. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.005 PMID: 28843139
Supplementary files
