Exploring Novel Genome Instability-associated lncRNAs and their Potential Function in Pan-Renal Cell Carcinoma

  • Authors: Zhu H.1, Zheng W.2, Chen H.3, Chen J.4, Lin F.5, Chen S.3, Xue X.5, Zheng Q.3, Liang M.6, Xu N.5, Chen D.7, Sun X.3
  • Affiliations:
    1. Department of Surgery,, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
    2. Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
    3. Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University
    4. Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,
    5. Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute,, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University
    6. Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
    7. Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute,, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,
  • Issue: Vol 27, No 12 (2024)
  • Pages: 1788-1807
  • Section: Chemistry
  • URL: https://vietnamjournal.ru/1386-2073/article/view/643975
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0113862073258779231020052115
  • ID: 643975

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Objective:Genomic instability can drive clonal evolution, continuous modification of tumor genomes, and tumor genomic heterogeneity. The molecular mechanism of genomic instability still needs further investigation. This study aims to identify novel genome instabilityassociated lncRNAs (GI-lncRNAs) and investigate the role of genome instability in pan-Renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Materials and Methods:A mutator hypothesis was employed, combining the TCGA database of somatic mutation (SM) information, to identify GI-lncRNAs. Subsequently, a training cohort (n = 442) and a testing cohort (n = 439) were formed by randomly dividing all RCC patients. Based on the training cohort dataset, a multivariate Cox regression analysis lncRNAs risk model was created. Further validations were performed in the testing cohort, TCGA cohort, and different RCC subtypes. To confirm the relative expression levels of lncRNAs in HK-2, 786-O, and 769-P cells, qPCR was carried out. Functional pathway enrichment analyses were performed for further investigation.

Results:A total of 170 novel GI-lncRNAs were identified. The lncRNA prognostic risk model was constructed based on LINC00460, AC073218.1, AC010789.1, and COLCA1. This risk model successfully differentiated patients into distinct risk groups with significantly different clinical outcomes. The model was further validated in multiple independent patient cohorts. Additionally, functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that GI-lncRNAs play a crucial role in GI. Furthermore, the assessments of immune response, drug sensitivity, and cancer stemness revealed a significant relationship between GI-lncRNAs and tumor microenvironment infiltration, mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and drug resistance.

Conclusions:In this study, we discovered four novel GI-lncRNAs and developed a novel signature that effectively predicted clinical outcomes in pan-RCC. The findings provide valuable insights for pan-RCC immunotherapy and shed light on potential underlying mechanisms.

About the authors

Hui-Xin Zhu

Department of Surgery,, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Wen-Cai Zheng

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Hang Chen

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Jia-Yin Chen

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Fei Lin

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute,, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Shao-Hao Chen

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Xue-Yi Xue

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute,, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Qing-Shui Zheng

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Min Liang

Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Ning Xu

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute,, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Dong-Ning Chen

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute,, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University,

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Xiong-Lin Sun

Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

References

  1. Linehan, W.M.; Ricketts, C.J. The cancer genome atlas of renal cell carcinoma: Findings and clinical implications. Nat. Rev. Urol., 2019, 16(9), 539-552. doi: 10.1038/s41585-019-0211-5 PMID: 31278395
  2. Siegel, R.L.; Miller, K.D.; Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2020, 70(1), 7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21590 PMID: 31912902
  3. Ran, X.; Xiao, J.; Zhang, Y.; Teng, H.; Cheng, F.; Chen, H.; Zhang, K.; Sun, Z. Low intratumor heterogeneity correlates with increased response to PD-1 blockade in renal cell carcinoma. Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol., 2020, 12. doi: 10.1177/1758835920977117 PMID: 33425025
  4. Wang, X.; Lopez, R.; Luchtel, R.A.; Hafizi, S.; Gartrell, B.; Shenoy, N. Immune evasion in renal cell carcinoma: Biology, clinical translation, future directions. Kidney Int., 2021, 99(1), 75-85. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.08.028 PMID: 32949550
  5. Moch, H.; Cubilla, A.L.; Humphrey, P.A.; Reuter, V.E.; Ulbright, T.M. The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs—part A: Renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Eur. Urol., 2016, 70(1), 93-105. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.029 PMID: 26935559
  6. Kato, T.; Kiyotani, K.; Tomiyama, E.; Koh, Y.; Matsushita, M.; Hayashi, Y.; Nakano, K.; Ishizuya, Y.; Wang, C.; Hatano, K.; Kawashima, A.; Ujike, T.; Fujita, K.; Nonomura, N.; Uemura, M. Peripheral T cell receptor repertoire features predict durable responses to anti-PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma. OncoImmunology, 2021, 10(1), 1862948. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2020.1862948 PMID: 33537170
  7. Gul, A.; Rini, B.I. Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer, 2019, 125(17), 2935-2944. doi: 10.1002/cncr.32144 PMID: 31225907
  8. Gulati, S.; Vaishampayan, U. Current state of systemic therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Curr. Oncol. Rep., 2020, 22(3), 26. doi: 10.1007/s11912-020-0892-1 PMID: 32048058
  9. Garcia, J.A.; Rini, B.I. Recent progress in the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2007, 57(2), 112-125. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.57.2.112 PMID: 17392388
  10. Woo, S.; Suh, C.H.; Kim, S.Y.; Cho, J.Y.; Kim, S.H. Diagnostic performance of dwi for differentiating high- from low-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol., 2017, 209(6), W374-W381. doi: 10.2214/AJR.17.18283 PMID: 29023154
  11. Vera-Badillo, F.E.; Templeton, A.J.; Duran, I.; Ocana, A.; de Gouveia, P.; Aneja, P.; Knox, J.J.; Tannock, I.F.; Escudier, B.; Amir, E. Systemic therapy for non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Urol., 2015, 67(4), 740-749. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.05.010 PMID: 24882670
  12. Tayoun, T.; Oulhen, M.; Aberlenc, A.; Farace, F.; Pawlikowska, P. Tumor evolution and therapeutic choice seen through a prism of circulating tumor cell genomic instability. Cells, 2021, 10(2), 337. doi: 10.3390/cells10020337 PMID: 33562741
  13. Habermann, J.K.; Doering, J.; Hautaniemi, S.; Roblick, U.J.; Bündgen, N.K.; Nicorici, D.; Kronenwett, U.; Rathnagiriswaran, S.; Mettu, R.K.R.; Ma, Y.; Krüger, S.; Bruch, H.P.; Auer, G.; Guo, N.L.; Ried, T. The gene expression signature of genomic instability in breast cancer is an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Int. J. Cancer, 2009, 124(7), 1552-1564. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24017 PMID: 19101988
  14. Negrini, S.; Gorgoulis, V.G.; Halazonetis, T.D. Genomic instability — an evolving hallmark of cancer. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2010, 11(3), 220-228. doi: 10.1038/nrm2858 PMID: 20177397
  15. Freitas, M.O.; Gartner, J.; Rangel-Pozzo, A.; Mai, S. Genomic instability in circulating tumor cells. Cancers, 2020, 12(10), 3001. doi: 10.3390/cancers12103001 PMID: 33081135
  16. Rao, C.V.; Asch, A.S.; Yamada, H.Y. Frequently mutated genes/pathways and genomic instability as prevention targets in liver cancer. Carcinogenesis, 2017, 38(1), 2-11. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgw118 PMID: 27838634
  17. Wei, X.; Wang, Y.; Ji, C.; Luan, J.; Yao, L.; Zhang, X.; Wang, S.; Yao, B.; Qin, C.; Song, N. Genomic instability promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through influencing the immune microenvironment. Front. Genet., 2021, 12, 706661. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.706661 PMID: 34712264
  18. Abbas, T.; Keaton, M.A.; Dutta, A. Genomic instability in cancer. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 2013, 5(3), a012914. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012914 PMID: 23335075
  19. Ottini, L.; Falchetti, M.; Lupi, R.; Rizzolo, P.; Agnese, V.; Colucci, G.; Bazan, V.; Russo, A. Patterns of genomic instability in gastric cancer: Clinical implications and perspectives. Ann. Oncol., 2006, 17(S7), vii97-vii102. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdl960 PMID: 16760303
  20. Suzuki, K.; Ohnami, S.; Tanabe, C.; Sasaki, H.; Yasuda, J.; Katai, H.; Yoshimura, K.; Terada, M.; Perucho, M.; Yoshida, T. The genomic damage estimated by arbitrarily primed PCR DNA fingerprinting is useful for the prognosis of gastric cancer. Gastroenterology, 2003, 125(5), 1330-1340. doi: 10.1016/j.gastro.2003.07.006 PMID: 14598249
  21. Ye, C.J.; Sharpe, Z.; Heng, H.H. Origins and consequences of chromosomal instability: From cellular adaptation to genome chaos-mediated system survival. Genes, 2020, 11(10), 1162. doi: 10.3390/genes11101162 PMID: 33008067
  22. Li, J.; Wei, S.; Zhang, Y.; Lu, S.; Zhang, X.; Wang, Q.; Yan, J.; Yang, S.; Chen, L.; Liu, Y.; Huang, Z. Comprehensive analyses of mutation-derived long-chain noncoding rna signatures of genome instability in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma. Front. Genet., 2022, 13, 874673. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.874673 PMID: 35547247
  23. Wang, Y.; Yan, K.; Wang, L.; Bi, J. Genome instability-related long non-coding RNA in clear renal cell carcinoma determined using computational biology. BMC Cancer, 2021, 21(1), 727. doi: 10.1186/s12885-021-08356-9 PMID: 34167490
  24. Wu, S.; Li, X. A genomic instability-derived risk index predicts clinical outcome and immunotherapy response for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Bioengineered, 2021, 12(1), 1642-1662. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1922330 PMID: 33955826
  25. Linehan, W.M.; Schmidt, L.S.; Crooks, D.R.; Wei, D.; Srinivasan, R.; Lang, M.; Ricketts, C.J. The metabolic basis of kidney cancer. Cancer Discov., 2019, 9(8), 1006-1021. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-18-1354 PMID: 31088840
  26. Deguchi, M.; Shiina, H.; Igawa, M.; Kaneuchi, M.; Nakajima, K.; Dahiya, R. DNA mismatch repair genes in renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol., 2003, 169(6), 2365-2371. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000065668.19267.b4 PMID: 12771799
  27. Hell, M.P.; Duda, M.; Weber, T.C.; Moch, H.; Krek, W. Tumor suppressor VHL functions in the control of mitotic fidelity. Cancer Res., 2014, 74(9), 2422-2431. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-2040 PMID: 24362914
  28. Clark, D.J.; Dhanasekaran, S.M.; Petralia, F.; Pan, J.; Song, X.; Hu, Y.; da Veiga Leprevost, F.; Reva, B.; Lih, T.S.M.; Chang, H.Y.; Ma, W.; Huang, C.; Ricketts, C.J.; Chen, L.; Krek, A.; Li, Y.; Rykunov, D.; Li, Q.K.; Chen, L.S.; Ozbek, U.; Vasaikar, S.; Wu, Y.; Yoo, S.; Chowdhury, S.; Wyczalkowski, M.A.; Ji, J.; Schnaubelt, M.; Kong, A.; Sethuraman, S.; Avtonomov, D.M.; Ao, M.; Colaprico, A.; Cao, S.; Cho, K.C.; Kalayci, S.; Ma, S.; Liu, W.; Ruggles, K.; Calinawan, A.; Gümüş, Z.H.; Geiszler, D.; Kawaler, E.; Teo, G.C.; Wen, B.; Zhang, Y.; Keegan, S.; Li, K.; Chen, F.; Edwards, N.; Pierorazio, P.M.; Chen, X.S.; Pavlovich, C.P.; Hakimi, A.A.; Brominski, G.; Hsieh, J.J.; Antczak, A.; Omelchenko, T.; Lubinski, J.; Wiznerowicz, M.; Linehan, W.M.; Kinsinger, C.R.; Thiagarajan, M.; Boja, E.S.; Mesri, M.; Hiltke, T.; Robles, A.I.; Rodriguez, H.; Qian, J.; Fenyö, D.; Zhang, B.; Ding, L.; Schadt, E.; Chinnaiyan, A.M.; Zhang, Z.; Omenn, G.S.; Cieslik, M.; Chan, D.W.; Nesvizhskii, A.I.; Wang, P.; Zhang, H.; Hashimi, A.S.; Pico, A.R.; Karpova, A.; Charamut, A.; Paulovich, A.G.; Perou, A.M.; Malovannaya, A.; Marrero-Oliveras, A.; Agarwal, A.; Hindenach, B.; Pruetz, B.; Kim, B-J.; Druker, B.J.; Newton, C.J.; Birger, C.; Jones, C.D.; Tognon, C.; Mani, D.R.; Valley, D.R.; Rohrer, D.C.; Zhou, D.C.; Tansil, D.; Chesla, D.; Heiman, D.; Wheeler, D.; Tan, D.; Chan, D.; Demir, E.; Malc, E.; Modugno, F.; Getz, G.; Hostetter, G.; Wilson, G.D.; Hart, G.W.; Zhu, H.; Liu, H.; Culpepper, H.; Sun, H.; Zhou, H.; Day, J.; Suh, J.; Huang, J.; McDermott, J.; Whiteaker, J.R.; Tyner, J.W.; Eschbacher, J.; Chen, J.; McGee, J.; Zhu, J.; Ketchum, K.A.; Rodland, K.D.; Clauser, K.; Robinson, K.; Krug, K.; Hoadley, K.A.; Um, K.S.; Elburn, K.; Holloway, K.; Wang, L-B.; Blumenberg, L.; Hannick, L.; Qi, L.; Sokoll, L.J.; Cornwell, M.I.; Loriaux, M.; Domagalski, M.J.; Gritsenko, M.A.; Anderson, M.; Monroe, M.E.; Ellis, M.J.; Dyer, M.; Anurag, M.; Burke, M.C.; Borucki, M.; Gillette, M.A.; Birrer, M.J.; Lewis, M.; Ittmann, M.M.; Smith, M.; Vernon, M.; Chaikin, M.; Chheda, M.G.; Khan, M.; Roche, N.; Edwards, N.J.; Vatanian, N.; Tignor, N.; Beckmann, N.; Grady, P.; Castro, P.; Piehowski, P.; McGarvey, P.B.; Mieczkowski, P.; Hariharan, P.; Gao, Q.; Dhir, R.; Kothadia, R.B.; Thangudu, R.R.; Montgomery, R.; Jayasinghe, R.G.; Smith, R.D.; Edwards, R.; Zelt, R.; Bremner, R.; Liu, R.; Hong, R.; Mareedu, S.; Payne, S.H.; Cottingham, S.; Markey, S.P.; Jewell, S.D.; Patel, S.; Satpathy, S.; Richey, S.; Davies, S.R.; Cai, S.; Boca, S.M.; Patil, S.; Sengupta, S.; Carter, S.; Gabriel, S.; Thomas, S.N.; De Young, S.; Stein, S.E.; Carr, S.A.; Foltz, S.M.; Hilsenbeck, S.; Krubit, T.; Liu, T.; Skelly, T.; Westbrook, T.; Borate, U.; Velvulou, U.; Petyuk, V.A.; Bocik, W.E.; Chen, X.; Shi, Y.; Geffen, Y.; Lu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Maruvka, Y.; Li, Z.; Shi, Z.; Tu, Z. Integrated proteogenomic characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell, 2019, 179(4), 964-983.e31. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.007 PMID: 31675502
  29. Wei, L.; Wang, X.; Lv, L.; Liu, J.; Xing, H.; Song, Y.; Xie, M.; Lei, T.; Zhang, N.; Yang, M. The emerging role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol. Cancer, 2019, 18(1), 147. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-1086-z PMID: 31651347
  30. Yarani, R.; Mirza, A.H.; Kaur, S.; Pociot, F. The emerging role of lncRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Exp. Mol. Med., 2018, 50(12), 1-14. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0188-9 PMID: 30523244
  31. Renganathan, A.; Felley-Bosco, E. Long noncoding RNAs in cancer and therapeutic potential. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2017, 1008, 199-222. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_7 PMID: 28815541
  32. Bao, S.; Zhao, H.; Yuan, J.; Fan, D.; Zhang, Z.; Su, J.; Zhou, M. Computational identification of mutator-derived lncRNA signatures of genome instability for improving the clinical outcome of cancers: A case study in breast cancer. Brief. Bioinform., 2020, 21(5), 1742-1755. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbz118 PMID: 31665214
  33. Guan, Z.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, W.; Chi, X.; Dong, Y.; Liu, X.; Shao, S.; Zhan, Q. Long non‐coding RNA LOC100133669 promotes cell proliferation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif., 2020, 53(4), e12750. doi: 10.1111/cpr.12750 PMID: 32130753
  34. Wang, Z.; Ren, Z.; Li, R.; Ge, J.; Zhang, G.; Xin, Y.; Qu, Y. Multi-omics integrative bioinformatics analyses reveal long non-coding RNA modulates genomic integrity via competing endogenous rna mechanism and serves as novel biomarkers for overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 2021, 9, 691540. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.691540 PMID: 34368141
  35. Zhang, H.; Yang, F.; Chen, S.J.; Che, J.; Zheng, J. Upregulation of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol., 2015, 36(4), 2947-2955. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2925-6 PMID: 25480417
  36. Jiang, D.; Wu, T.; Shi, N.; Shan, Y.; Wang, J.; Jiang, H.; Wu, Y.; Wang, M.; Li, J.; Liu, H.; Chen, M. Development of genomic instability-associated long non-coding RNA signature: A prognostic risk model of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Front. Oncol., 2022, 12, 1019011. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019011 PMID: 36387102
  37. Huarte, M. The emerging role of lncRNAs in cancer. Nat. Med., 2015, 21(11), 1253-1261. doi: 10.1038/nm.3981 PMID: 26540387
  38. Bhan, A.; Soleimani, M.; Mandal, S.S. Long noncoding RNA and cancer: A new paradigm. Cancer Res., 2017, 77(15), 3965-3981. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-2634 PMID: 28701486
  39. Ma, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wen, L.; Lin, A. Membrane-lipid associated lncRNA: A new regulator in cancer signaling. Cancer Lett., 2018, 419, 27-29. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.008 PMID: 29330108
  40. Zhai, W.; Sun, Y.; Guo, C.; Hu, G.; Wang, M.; Zheng, J.; Lin, W.; Huang, Q.; Li, G.; Zheng, J.; Chang, C. LncRNA-SARCC suppresses renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression via altering the androgen receptor(AR)/miRNA-143-3p signals. Cell Death Differ., 2017, 24(9), 1502-1517. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2017.74 PMID: 28644440
  41. Jiao, Y.; Li, S.; Wang, X.; Yi, M.; Wei, H.; Rong, S.; Zheng, K.; Zhang, L. A genomic instability-related lncRNA model for predicting prognosis and immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in breast cancer. Front. Immunol., 2022, 13, 929846. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929846 PMID: 35990656
  42. Yu, G.; Wang, L.G.; Han, Y.; He, Q.Y. clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS, 2012, 16(5), 284-287. doi: 10.1089/omi.2011.0118 PMID: 22455463
  43. Zhang, X.; Shao, S.; Li, L. Characterization of class-3 semaphorin receptors, neuropilins and plexins, as therapeutic targets in a pan-cancer study. Cancers, 2020, 12(7), 1816. doi: 10.3390/cancers12071816 PMID: 32640719
  44. Yoshihara, K.; Shahmoradgoli, M.; Martínez, E.; Vegesna, R.; Kim, H.; Torres-Garcia, W.; Treviño, V.; Shen, H.; Laird, P.W.; Levine, D.A.; Carter, S.L.; Getz, G.; Stemke-Hale, K.; Mills, G.B.; Verhaak, R.G.W. Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data. Nat. Commun., 2013, 4(1), 2612. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3612 PMID: 24113773
  45. Thorsson, V.; Gibbs, D.L.; Brown, S.D.; Wolf, D.; Bortone, D.S.; Ou Yang, T.H. Porta-Pardo, E.; Gao, G.F.; Plaisier, C.L.; Eddy, J.A.; Ziv, E.; Culhane, A.C.; Paull, E.O.; Sivakumar, I.K.A.; Gentles, A.J.; Malhotra, R.; Farshidfar, F.; Colaprico, A.; Parker, J.S.; Mose, L.E.; Vo, N.S.; Liu, J.; Liu, Y.; Rader, J.; Dhankani, V.; Reynolds, S.M.; Bowlby, R.; Califano, A.; Cherniack, A.D.; Anastassiou, D.; Bedognetti, D.; Mokrab, Y.; Newman, A.M.; Rao, A.; Chen, K.; Krasnitz, A.; Hu, H.; Malta, T.M.; Noushmehr, H.; Pedamallu, C.S.; Bullman, S.; Ojesina, A.I.; Lamb, A.; Zhou, W.; Shen, H.; Choueiri, T.K.; Weinstein, J.N.; Guinney, J.; Saltz, J.; Holt, R.A.; Rabkin, C.S.; Lazar, A.J.; Serody, J.S.; Demicco, E.G.; Disis, M.L.; Vincent, B.G.; Shmulevich, I.; Caesar-Johnson, S.J.; Demchok, J.A.; Felau, I.; Kasapi, M.; Ferguson, M.L.; Hutter, C.M.; Sofia, H.J.; Tarnuzzer, R.; Wang, Z.; Yang, L.; Zenklusen, J.C.; Zhang, J.J.; Chudamani, S.; Liu, J.; Lolla, L.; Naresh, R.; Pihl, T.; Sun, Q.; Wan, Y.; Wu, Y.; Cho, J.; DeFreitas, T.; Frazer, S.; Gehlenborg, N.; Getz, G.; Heiman, D.I.; Kim, J.; Lawrence, M.S.; Lin, P.; Meier, S.; Noble, M.S.; Saksena, G.; Voet, D.; Zhang, H.; Bernard, B.; Chambwe, N.; Dhankani, V.; Knijnenburg, T.; Kramer, R.; Leinonen, K.; Liu, Y.; Miller, M.; Reynolds, S.; Shmulevich, I.; Thorsson, V.; Zhang, W.; Akbani, R.; Broom, B.M.; Hegde, A.M.; Ju, Z.; Kanchi, R.S.; Korkut, A.; Li, J.; Liang, H.; Ling, S.; Liu, W.; Lu, Y.; Mills, G.B.; Ng, K-S.; Rao, A.; Ryan, M.; Wang, J.; Weinstein, J.N.; Zhang, J.; Abeshouse, A.; Armenia, J.; Chakravarty, D.; Chatila, W.K.; de Bruijn, I.; Gao, J.; Gross, B.E.; Heins, Z.J.; Kundra, R.; La, K.; Ladanyi, M.; Luna, A.; Nissan, M.G.; Ochoa, A.; Phillips, S.M.; Reznik, E.; Sanchez-Vega, F.; Sander, C.; Schultz, N.; Sheridan, R.; Sumer, S.O.; Sun, Y.; Taylor, B.S.; Wang, J.; Zhang, H.; Anur, P.; Peto, M.; Spellman, P.; Benz, C.; Stuart, J.M.; Wong, C.K.; Yau, C.; Hayes, D.N.; Parker, J.S.; Wilkerson, M.D.; Ally, A.; Balasundaram, M.; Bowlby, R.; Brooks, D.; Carlsen, R.; Chuah, E.; Dhalla, N.; Holt, R.; Jones, S.J.M.; Kasaian, K.; Lee, D.; Ma, Y.; Marra, M.A.; Mayo, M.; Moore, R.A.; Mungall, A.J.; Mungall, K.; Robertson, A.G.; Sadeghi, S.; Schein, J.E.; Sipahimalani, P.; Tam, A.; Thiessen, N.; Tse, K.; Wong, T.; Berger, A.C.; Beroukhim, R.; Cherniack, A.D.; Cibulskis, C.; Gabriel, S.B.; Gao, G.F.; Ha, G.; Meyerson, M.; Schumacher, S.E.; Shih, J.; Kucherlapati, M.H.; Kucherlapati, R.S.; Baylin, S.; Cope, L.; Danilova, L.; Bootwalla, M.S.; Lai, P.H.; Maglinte, D.T.; Van Den Berg, D.J.; Weisenberger, D.J.; Auman, J.T.; Balu, S.; Bodenheimer, T.; Fan, C.; Hoadley, K.A.; Hoyle, A.P.; Jefferys, S.R.; Jones, C.D.; Meng, S.; Mieczkowski, P.A.; Mose, L.E.; Perou, A.H.; Perou, C.M.; Roach, J.; Shi, Y.; Simons, J.V.; Skelly, T.; Soloway, M.G.; Tan, D.; Veluvolu, U.; Fan, H.; Hinoue, T.; Laird, P.W.; Shen, H.; Zhou, W.; Bellair, M.; Chang, K.; Covington, K.; Creighton, C.J.; Dinh, H.; Doddapaneni, H.V.; Donehower, L.A.; Drummond, J.; Gibbs, R.A.; Glenn, R.; Hale, W.; Han, Y.; Hu, J.; Korchina, V.; Lee, S.; Lewis, L.; Li, W.; Liu, X.; Morgan, M.; Morton, D.; Muzny, D.; Santibanez, J.; Sheth, M.; Shinbrot, E.; Wang, L.; Wang, M.; Wheeler, D.A.; Xi, L.; Zhao, F.; Hess, J.; Appelbaum, E.L.; Bailey, M.; Cordes, M.G.; Ding, L.; Fronick, C.C.; Fulton, L.A.; Fulton, R.S.; Kandoth, C.; Mardis, E.R.; McLellan, M.D.; Miller, C.A.; Schmidt, H.K.; Wilson, R.K.; Crain, D.; Curley, E.; Gardner, J.; Lau, K.; Mallery, D.; Morris, S.; Paulauskis, J.; Penny, R.; Shelton, C.; Shelton, T.; Sherman, M.; Thompson, E.; Yena, P.; Bowen, J.; Gastier-Foster, J.M.; Gerken, M.; Leraas, K.M.; Lichtenberg, T.M.; Ramirez, N.C.; Wise, L.; Zmuda, E.; Corcoran, N.; Costello, T.; Hovens, C.; Carvalho, A.L.; de Carvalho, A.C.; Fregnani, J.H.; Longatto-Filho, A.; Reis, R.M.; Scapulatempo-Neto, C.; Silveira, H.C.S.; Vidal, D.O.; Burnette, A.; Eschbacher, J.; Hermes, B.; Noss, A.; Singh, R.; Anderson, M.L.; Castro, P.D.; Ittmann, M.; Huntsman, D.; Kohl, B.; Le, X.; Thorp, R.; Andry, C.; Duffy, E.R.; Lyadov, V.; Paklina, O.; Setdikova, G.; Shabunin, A.; Tavobilov, M.; McPherson, C.; Warnick, R.; Berkowitz, R.; Cramer, D.; Feltmate, C.; Horowitz, N.; Kibel, A.; Muto, M.; Raut, C.P.; Malykh, A.; Barnholtz-Sloan, J.S.; Barrett, W.; Devine, K.; Fulop, J.; Ostrom, Q.T.; Shimmel, K.; Wolinsky, Y.; Sloan, A.E.; De Rose, A.; Giuliante, F.; Goodman, M.; Karlan, B.Y.; Hagedorn, C.H.; Eckman, J.; Harr, J.; Myers, J.; Tucker, K.; Zach, L.A.; Deyarmin, B.; Hu, H.; Kvecher, L.; Larson, C.; Mural, R.J.; Somiari, S.; Vicha, A.; Zelinka, T.; Bennett, J.; Iacocca, M.; Rabeno, B.; Swanson, P.; Latour, M.; Lacombe, L.; Têtu, B.; Bergeron, A.; McGraw, M.; Staugaitis, S.M.; Chabot, J.; Hibshoosh, H.; Sepulveda, A.; Su, T.; Wang, T.; Potapova, O.; Voronina, O.; Desjardins, L.; Mariani, O.; Roman-Roman, S.; Sastre, X.; Stern, M-H.; Cheng, F.; Signoretti, S.; Berchuck, A.; Bigner, D.; Lipp, E.; Marks, J.; McCall, S.; McLendon, R.; Secord, A.; Sharp, A.; Behera, M.; Brat, D.J.; Chen, A.; Delman, K.; Force, S.; Khuri, F.; Magliocca, K.; Maithel, S.; Olson, J.J.; Owonikoko, T.; Pickens, A.; Ramalingam, S.; Shin, D.M.; Sica, G.; Van Meir, E.G.; Zhang, H.; Eijckenboom, W.; Gillis, A.; Korpershoek, E.; Looijenga, L.; Oosterhuis, W.; Stoop, H.; van Kessel, K.E.; Zwarthoff, E.C.; Calatozzolo, C.; Cuppini, L.; Cuzzubbo, S.; DiMeco, F.; Finocchiaro, G.; Mattei, L.; Perin, A.; Pollo, B.; Chen, C.; Houck, J.; Lohavanichbutr, P.; Hartmann, A.; Stoehr, C.; Stoehr, R.; Taubert, H.; Wach, S.; Wullich, B.; Kycler, W.; Murawa, D.; Wiznerowicz, M.; Chung, K.; Edenfield, W.J.; Martin, J.; Baudin, E.; Bubley, G.; Bueno, R.; De Rienzo, A.; Richards, W.G.; Kalkanis, S.; Mikkelsen, T.; Noushmehr, H.; Scarpace, L.; Girard, N.; Aymerich, M.; Campo, E.; Giné, E.; Guillermo, A.L.; Van Bang, N.; Hanh, P.T.; Phu, B.D.; Tang, Y.; Colman, H.; Evason, K.; Dottino, P.R.; Martignetti, J.A.; Gabra, H.; Juhl, H.; Akeredolu, T.; Stepa, S.; Hoon, D.; Ahn, K.; Kang, K.J.; Beuschlein, F.; Breggia, A.; Birrer, M.; Bell, D.; Borad, M.; Bryce, A.H.; Castle, E.; Chandan, V.; Cheville, J.; Copland, J.A.; Farnell, M.; Flotte, T.; Giama, N.; Ho, T.; Kendrick, M.; Kocher, J-P.; Kopp, K.; Moser, C.; Nagorney, D.; O’Brien, D.; O’Neill, B.P.; Patel, T.; Petersen, G.; Que, F.; Rivera, M.; Roberts, L.; Smallridge, R.; Smyrk, T.; Stanton, M.; Thompson, R.H.; Torbenson, M.; Yang, J.D.; Zhang, L.; Brimo, F.; Ajani, J.A.; Gonzalez, A.M.A.; Behrens, C.; Bondaruk, J.; Broaddus, R.; Czerniak, B.; Esmaeli, B.; Fujimoto, J.; Gershenwald, J.; Guo, C.; Lazar, A.J.; Logothetis, C.; Meric-Bernstam, F.; Moran, C.; Ramondetta, L.; Rice, D.; Sood, A.; Tamboli, P.; Thompson, T.; Troncoso, P.; Tsao, A.; Wistuba, I.; Carter, C.; Haydu, L.; Hersey, P.; Jakrot, V.; Kakavand, H.; Kefford, R.; Lee, K.; Long, G.; Mann, G.; Quinn, M.; Saw, R.; Scolyer, R.; Shannon, K.; Spillane, A.; Stretch; Synott, M.; Thompson, J.; Wilmott, J.; Al-Ahmadie, H.; Chan, T.A.; Ghossein, R.; Gopalan, A.; Levine, D.A.; Reuter, V.; Singer, S.; Singh, B.; Tien, N.V.; Broudy, T.; Mirsaidi, C.; Nair, P.; Drwiega, P.; Miller, J.; Smith, J.; Zaren, H.; Park, J-W.; Hung, N.P.; Kebebew, E.; Linehan, W.M.; Metwalli, A.R.; Pacak, K.; Pinto, P.A.; Schiffman, M.; Schmidt, L.S.; Vocke, C.D.; Wentzensen, N.; Worrell, R.; Yang, H.; Moncrieff, M.; Goparaju, C.; Melamed, J.; Pass, H.; Botnariuc, N.; Caraman, I.; Cernat, M.; Chemencedji, I.; Clipca, A.; Doruc, S.; Gorincioi, G.; Mura, S.; Pirtac, M.; Stancul, I.; Tcaciuc, D.; Albert, M.; Alexopoulou, I.; Arnaout, A.; Bartlett, J.; Engel, J.; Gilbert, S.; Parfitt, J.; Sekhon, H.; Thomas, G.; Rassl, D.M.; Rintoul, R.C.; Bifulco, C.; Tamakawa, R.; Urba, W.; Hayward, N.; Timmers, H.; Antenucci, A.; Facciolo, F.; Grazi, G.; Marino, M.; Merola, R.; de Krijger, R.; Gimenez-Roqueplo, A-P.; Piché, A.; Chevalier, S.; McKercher, G.; Birsoy, K.; Barnett, G.; Brewer, C.; Farver, C.; Naska, T.; Pennell, N.A.; Raymond, D.; Schilero, C.; Smolenski, K.; Williams, F.; Morrison, C.; Borgia, J.A.; Liptay, M.J.; Pool, M.; Seder, C.W.; Junker, K.; Omberg, L.; Dinkin, M.; Manikhas, G.; Alvaro, D.; Bragazzi, M.C.; Cardinale, V.; Carpino, G.; Gaudio, E.; Chesla, D.; Cottingham, S.; Dubina, M.; Moiseenko, F.; Dhanasekaran, R.; Becker, K-F.; Janssen, K-P.; Slotta-Huspenina, J.; Abdel-Rahman, M.H.; Aziz, D.; Bell, S.; Cebulla, C.M.; Davis, A.; Duell, R.; Elder, J.B.; Hilty, J.; Kumar, B.; Lang, J.; Lehman, N.L.; Mandt, R.; Nguyen, P.; Pilarski, R.; Rai, K.; Schoenfield, L.; Senecal, K.; Wakely, P.; Hansen, P.; Lechan, R.; Powers, J.; Tischler, A.; Grizzle, W.E.; Sexton, K.C.; Kastl, A.; Henderson, J.; Porten, S.; Waldmann, J.; Fassnacht, M.; Asa, S.L.; Schadendorf, D.; Couce, M.; Graefen, M.; Huland, H.; Sauter, G.; Schlomm, T.; Simon, R.; Tennstedt, P.; Olabode, O.; Nelson, M.; Bathe, O.; Carroll, P.R.; Chan, J.M.; Disaia, P.; Glenn, P.; Kelley, R.K.; Landen, C.N.; Phillips, J.; Prados, M.; Simko, J.; Smith-McCune, K.; VandenBerg, S.; Roggin, K.; Fehrenbach, A.; Kendler, A.; Sifri, S.; Steele, R.; Jimeno, A.; Carey, F.; Forgie, I.; Mannelli, M.; Carney, M.; Hernandez, B.; Campos, B.; Herold-Mende, C.; Jungk, C.; Unterberg, A.; von Deimling, A.; Bossler, A.; Galbraith, J.; Jacobus, L.; Knudson, M.; Knutson, T.; Ma, D.; Milhem, M.; Sigmund, R.; Godwin, A.K.; Madan, R.; Rosenthal, H.G.; Adebamowo, C.; Adebamowo, S.N.; Boussioutas, A.; Beer, D.; Giordano, T.; Mes-Masson, A-M.; Saad, F.; Bocklage, T.; Landrum, L.; Mannel, R.; Moore, K.; Moxley, K.; Postier, R.; Walker, J.; Zuna, R.; Feldman, M.; Valdivieso, F.; Dhir, R.; Luketich, J.; Pinero, E.M.M.; Quintero-Aguilo, M.; Carlotti, C.G., Jr; Dos Santos, J.S.; Kemp, R.; Sankarankuty, A.; Tirapelli, D.; Catto, J.; Agnew, K.; Swisher, E.; Creaney, J.; Robinson, B.; Shelley, C.S.; Godwin, E.M.; Kendall, S.; Shipman, C.; Bradford, C.; Carey, T.; Haddad, A.; Moyer, J.; Peterson, L.; Prince, M.; Rozek, L.; Wolf, G.; Bowman, R.; Fong, K.M.; Yang, I.; Korst, R.; Rathmell, W.K.; Fantacone-Campbell, J.L.; Hooke, J.A.; Kovatich, A.J.; Shriver, C.D.; DiPersio, J.; Drake, B.; Govindan, R.; Heath, S.; Ley, T.; Van Tine, B.; Westervelt, P.; Rubin, M.A.; Lee, J.I.; Aredes, N.D.; Mariamidze, A. The immune landscape of cancer. Immunity, 2018, 48(4), 812-830.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.023 PMID: 29628290
  46. Elguindy, M.M.; Mendell, J.T. NORAD-induced Pumilio phase separation is required for genome stability. Nature, 2021, 595(7866), 303-308. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03633-w PMID: 34108682
  47. Munschauer, M.; Nguyen, C.T.; Sirokman, K.; Hartigan, C.R.; Hogstrom, L.; Engreitz, J.M.; Ulirsch, J.C.; Fulco, C.P.; Subramanian, V.; Chen, J.; Schenone, M.; Guttman, M.; Carr, S.A.; Lander, E.S. The NORAD lncRNA assembles a topoisomerase complex critical for genome stability. Nature, 2018, 561(7721), 132-136. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0453-z PMID: 30150775
  48. Vietri, M.; Schultz, S.W.; Bellanger, A.; Jones, C.M.; Petersen, L.I.; Raiborg, C.; Skarpen, E.; Pedurupillay, C.R.J.; Kjos, I.; Kip, E.; Timmer, R.; Jain, A.; Collas, P.; Knorr, R.L.; Grellscheid, S.N.; Kusumaatmaja, H.; Brech, A.; Micci, F.; Stenmark, H.; Campsteijn, C. Unrestrained ESCRT-III drives micronuclear catastrophe and chromosome fragmentation. Nat. Cell Biol., 2020, 22(7), 856-867. doi: 10.1038/s41556-020-0537-5 PMID: 32601372
  49. Takaki, T.; Montagner, M.; Serres, M.P.; Le Berre, M.; Russell, M.; Collinson, L.; Szuhai, K.; Howell, M.; Boulton, S.J.; Sahai, E.; Petronczki, M. Actomyosin drives cancer cell nuclear dysmorphia and threatens genome stability. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8(1), 16013. doi: 10.1038/ncomms16013 PMID: 28737169
  50. Mackenzie, K.J.; Carroll, P.; Martin, C.A.; Murina, O.; Fluteau, A.; Simpson, D.J.; Olova, N.; Sutcliffe, H.; Rainger, J.K.; Leitch, A.; Osborn, R.T.; Wheeler, A.P.; Nowotny, M.; Gilbert, N.; Chandra, T.; Reijns, M.A.M.; Jackson, A.P. cGAS surveillance of micronuclei links genome instability to innate immunity. Nature, 2017, 548(7668), 461-465. doi: 10.1038/nature23449 PMID: 28738408
  51. Gerlinger, M.; Swanton, C. How Darwinian models inform therapeutic failure initiated by clonal heterogeneity in cancer medicine. Br. J. Cancer, 2010, 103(8), 1139-1143. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605912 PMID: 20877357
  52. Ben-David, U.; Beroukhim, R.; Golub, T.R. Genomic evolution of cancer models: Perils and opportunities. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2019, 19(2), 97-109. doi: 10.1038/s41568-018-0095-3 PMID: 30578414
  53. Lee, J.K.; Choi, Y.L.; Kwon, M.; Park, P.J. Mechanisms and consequences of cancer genome instability: Lessons from genome sequencing studies. Annu. Rev. Pathol., 2016, 11(1), 283-312. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044446 PMID: 26907526
  54. Benson, A.B.; Venook, A.P.; Al-Hawary, M.M.; Arain, M.A.; Chen, Y.J.; Ciombor, K.K.; Cohen, S.; Cooper, H.S.; Deming, D.; Farkas, L.; Garrido-Laguna, I.; Grem, J.L.; Gunn, A.; Hecht, J.R.; Hoffe, S.; Hubbard, J.; Hunt, S.; Johung, K.L.; Kirilcuk, N.; Krishnamurthi, S.; Messersmith, W.A.; Meyerhardt, J.; Miller, E.D.; Mulcahy, M.F.; Nurkin, S.; Overman, M.J.; Parikh, A.; Patel, H.; Pedersen, K.; Saltz, L.; Schneider, C.; Shibata, D.; Skibber, J.M.; Sofocleous, C.T.; Stoffel, E.M.; Stotsky-Himelfarb, E.; Willett, C.G.; Gregory, K.M.; Gurski, L.A. Colon cancer, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw., 2021, 19(3), 329-359. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.0012 PMID: 33724754
  55. Yi, M.; Li, A.; Zhou, L.; Chu, Q.; Luo, S.; Wu, K. Immune signature-based risk stratification and prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor’s efficacy for lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 2021, 70(6), 1705-1719. doi: 10.1007/s00262-020-02817-z PMID: 33386920
  56. Picco, G.; Cattaneo, C.M.; van Vliet, E.J.; Crisafulli, G.; Rospo, G.; Consonni, S.; Vieira, S.F.; Rodríguez, I.S.; Cancelliere, C.; Banerjee, R.; Schipper, L.J.; Oddo, D.; Dijkstra, K.K.; Cinatl, J.; Michaelis, M.; Yang, F.; Di Nicolantonio, F.; Sartore-Bianchi, A.; Siena, S.; Arena, S.; Voest, E.E.; Bardelli, A.; Garnett, M.J. Werner helicase is a synthetic-lethal vulnerability in mismatch repair–deficient colorectal cancer refractory to targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Cancer Discov., 2021, 11(8), 1923-1937. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-1508 PMID: 33837064
  57. Zhao, T.; Du, J.; Zeng, H. Interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and non-coding RNAs in cancer. J. Hematol. Oncol., 2020, 13(1), 163. doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-01002-0 PMID: 33267910
  58. Ulitsky, I.; Bartel, D.P. lincRNAs: Genomics, evolution, and mechanisms. Cell, 2013, 154(1), 26-46. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.020 PMID: 23827673
  59. Li, S.; Yi, M.; Dong, B.; Tan, X.; Luo, S.; Wu, K. The role of exosomes in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Int. J. Cancer, 2021, 148(11), 2640-2651. doi: 10.1002/ijc.33386 PMID: 33180334
  60. Lee, S.; Kopp, F.; Chang, T.C.; Sataluri, A.; Chen, B.; Sivakumar, S.; Yu, H.; Xie, Y.; Mendell, J.T. Noncoding RNA NORAD regulates genomic stability by sequestering PUMILIO proteins. Cell, 2016, 164(1-2), 69-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.017 PMID: 26724866
  61. Hu, W.L.; Jin, L.; Xu, A.; Wang, Y.F.; Thorne, R.F.; Zhang, X.D.; Wu, M. GUARDIN is a p53-responsive long non-coding RNA that is essential for genomic stability. Nat. Cell Biol., 2018, 20(4), 492-502. doi: 10.1038/s41556-018-0066-7 PMID: 29593331
  62. Giovannini, S.; Weller, M.C.; Hanzlíková, H.; Shiota, T.; Takeda, S.; Jiricny, J. ATAD5 deficiency alters DNA damage metabolism and sensitizes cells to PARP inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res., 2020, 48(9), 4928-4939. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa255 PMID: 32297953
  63. Hou, P.; Meng, S.; Li, M.; Lin, T.; Chu, S.; Li, Z.; Zheng, J.; Gu, Y.; Bai, J. LINC00460/DHX9/IGF2BP2 complex promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis by mediating HMGA1 mRNA stability depending on m6A modification. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res., 2021, 40(1), 52. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-01857-2
  64. Zhang, D.; Zeng, S.; Hu, X. Identification of a three-long noncoding RNA prognostic model involved competitive endogenous RNA in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int., 2020, 20(1), 319. doi: 10.1186/s12935-020-01423-4 PMID: 32694941
  65. Duan, W.; Kong, X.; Li, J.; Li, P.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, T.; Binang, H.B.; Wang, Y.; Du, L.; Wang, C. LncRNA AC010789.1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by targeting microRNA-432-3p/ZEB1 Axis and the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 2020, 8, 565355. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.565355 PMID: 33178684
  66. Wang, X.; Zhou, J.; Xu, M.; Yan, Y.; Huang, L.; Kuang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Li, P.; Zheng, W.; Liu, H.; Jia, B.A. 15-lncRNA signature predicts survival and functions as a ceRNA in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag. Res., 2018, 10, 5799-5806. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S178732 PMID: 30510449
  67. Song, N.; Kim, K.; Shin, A.; Park, J.W.; Chang, H.J.; Shi, J.; Cai, Q.; Kim, D.Y.; Zheng, W.; Oh, J.H. Colorectal cancer susceptibility loci and influence on survival. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2018, 57(12), 630-637. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22674 PMID: 30350386
  68. Qi-Dong, X.; Yang, X.; Lu, J.L.; Liu, C.Q.; Sun, J.X.; Li, C.; Wang, S.G. Development and validation of a nine-redox-related long noncoding RNA signature in renal clear cell carcinoma. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2020, 2020, 1-30. doi: 10.1155/2020/6634247 PMID: 33425212
  69. Galanos, P.; Vougas, K.; Walter, D.; Polyzos, A.; Maya-Mendoza, A.; Haagensen, E.J.; Kokkalis, A.; Roumelioti, F.M.; Gagos, S.; Tzetis, M.; Canovas, B.; Igea, A.; Ahuja, A.K.; Zellweger, R.; Havaki, S.; Kanavakis, E.; Kletsas, D.; Roninson, I.B.; Garbis, S.D.; Lopes, M.; Nebreda, A.; Thanos, D.; Blow, J.J.; Townsend, P.; Sørensen, C.S.; Bartek, J.; Gorgoulis, V.G. Chronic p53-independent p21 expression causes genomic instability by deregulating replication licensing. Nat. Cell Biol., 2016, 18(7), 777-789. doi: 10.1038/ncb3378 PMID: 27323328
  70. Anand, S.K.; Sharma, A.; Singh, N.; Kakkar, P. Entrenching role of cell cycle checkpoints and autophagy for maintenance of genomic integrity. DNA Repair, 2020, 86, 102748. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102748 PMID: 31790874
  71. Martini, A.; Fallara, G.; Pellegrino, F.; Cirulli, G.O.; Larcher, A.; Necchi, A.; Montorsi, F.; Capitanio, U. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. World J. Urol., 2021, 39(5), 1369-1376. doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03550-z PMID: 33386494
  72. Deleuze, A.; Saout, J.; Dugay, F.; Peyronnet, B.; Mathieu, R.; Verhoest, G.; Bensalah, K.; Crouzet, L.; Laguerre, B.; Belaud-Rotureau, M.A.; Rioux-Leclercq, N.; Kammerer-Jacquet, S.F. Immunotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Future Is Now. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2020, 21(7), 2532. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072532 PMID: 32260578
  73. Rini, B.I.; Battle, D.; Figlin, R.A.; George, D.J.; Hammers, H.; Hutson, T.; Jonasch, E.; Joseph, R.W.; McDermott, D.F.; Motzer, R.J.; Pal, S.K.; Pantuck, A.J.; Quinn, D.I.; Seery, V.; Voss, M.H.; Wood, C.G.; Wood, L.S.; Atkins, M.B. The society for immunotherapy of cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). J. Immunother. Cancer, 2019, 7(1), 354. doi: 10.1186/s40425-019-0813-8 PMID: 31856918
  74. Riveros, C.; Huang, E.; Ranganathan, S.; Klaassen, Z.; Rini, B.; Wallis, C.J.D.; Satkunasivam, R. Adjuvant immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and Meta‐analysis. BJU Int., 2023, 131(5), 553-561. doi: 10.1111/bju.15981 PMID: 36709462
  75. Díaz-Montero, C.M.; Rini, B.I.; Finke, J.H. The immunology of renal cell carcinoma. Nat. Rev. Nephrol., 2020, 16(12), 721-735. doi: 10.1038/s41581-020-0316-3 PMID: 32733094

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Bentham Science Publishers