№ 4 (2016)

An analysis of recent data on the use and evaluation of industrial microorganisms biosafety was conducted. On the basis of our own experimental data from the study of the nature of biotechnological strains harmful effects , a classification of their hazard degrees was proposed; the strains hazard dependency on their taxonomic position was identified. Prospects for studies on problems of microorganisms strains biosafety used in biotechnology are discussed.

The paper presents experimental data on the effect of vinyl chloride metabolites on the white rats behavior and results of their quantitative content in biological fluids of animals exposed to xenobiotics . Animals divided into groups received intraperitoneal injections of chloroethanol (CE) in a concentration of 20 mg/kg, monochloroacetic acid (MСAA) in a concentration of 10 mg/kg, control animals received distilled water. A total duration of exposure to xenobiotics was 2 weeks. The animals were surveyed in the tests “maze” and “open field”. To measure the concentrations of metabolites in biological samples, were used gas chromatography techniques with electron capture (GS-ECD) and mass selective detection (GC-MS). It was found out that the exposure to chloroethanol and monochloroacetic acid affected the behavior of experimental animals. Exposure to cloroethanol contributed to the development of anxiety and increased level of exploratory activity in experimental animals. Intoxication with monochloroacetic acid also contributed to a more pronounced exploratory behavior along with excitment (agitation). In animals exposed to CE, the presence of this compound in blood was revealed an hour after termination of the last injection. However as early as 2 hours after exposure, the concentration of CE decreased 13-fold. In control animals chloroethanol in the blood was not found. In two experimental groups as well as in the control, the presence of MCAA was not detected. The content of thyodiacetic acid (TDAA) significantly differed from the control values.

The impact of alcohol toxic doses and salmonella infection on the immune system was studied. Immunogram parameters in healthy persons , patients with acute alcohol gastroenteritis and patients with salmonella gastroenteritis were investigated. Identification of immune reactivity in patients with salmonella and alcohol gastroenteritises is helpful in physicians’ practice and serves for early demarcation between data on pathologies. A higher percentage of CD19 lymphocytes in patients with salmonella gastroenteritis was observed compared to those suffering from acute alcohol gastroenteritis. The largest differences in immune reactivity were found out in immunoglobulin M indices that permits to use this index for differential diagnosis of salmonella gastroenteritis and acute alcohol gastroenteritis. A method is proposed for differential diagnosis of salmonella and alcohol gastroenteritises which permits to detect alcohol gastroenteritis with values of immunoglobulin M below 1.4 g/l and at values above 1.6 g/l salmonella enteritis is diagnosed.

The possibility of using unicellular organisms: luminescent bacteria, ciliates Tetrahimena pyriformis and cattle spermatozoa as test-objects for assessment of acids toxicity was experimentally evaluated. It was established that the analyzed bioassays are highly sensitive to the toxic effects of acids. It was shown that luminescent bacteria, ciliates Tetrahimena pyriformis and cattle spermatozoa can be successfully used in methods for accelerated assessment of acid-base pollution of the environment and working space.

Results of investigations into some immunobiochemical indices in crucian carp at a chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of copper ions are reported. Anti- microbial properties in the blood serum and a share of immunodeficient fishes were studied; in liver a content of nonspecific immune complexes, level of common lipids, content of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant activity were investigated. The dependency of values of indices under consideration on how long fishes stayed under experimental conditions was shown.

Hazard and toxicity assessment of the microorganism Bacillus amyloliquefaciens OPS-32 was performed. Based on data obtained, MAC atmospheric air of the strain on the level of 5x103 cells/m3, hazard class 4 is recommended for the atmospheric air of residential areas.