Giant atmospheric showers detected by the Yakutsk extensive air showers array

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Abstract

The two most powerful extensive air showers (EAS) with energies of about 1020 eV, registered at the Yakutsk EAS array during the entire observation period of 1974–2024, are considered. Both showers hit the array near the center and triggered all surface detectors and underground muon detectors with a threshold energy of Eu = 1.0 · cos θ GeV. These events have an abnormally high fraction of muons, which is beyond current model predictions. This may change our understanding of hadron interactions at ultra-high energy, but there is also a possibility that these showers were initiated by some exotic primary particles.

About the authors

A. V Glushkov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: glushkov@ikfia.ysn.ru
Yakutsk, Russia

K. G Lebedev

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

L. T Ksenofontov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

A. V Saburov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

O. N Ivanov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

A. F Boyakinov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

A. A Ivanov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

S. P Knurenko

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

A. D Krasilnikov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

S. V Matarkin

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

V. P Mokhnachevskaya

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

N. Ya Muksunov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

I. S Petrov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

I. E Sleptsov

Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Yakutsk, Russia

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