Zenith-angle dependence of local muon density spectra of extensive air shower near the horizon

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Abstract

The integral local muon density spectra (LMDS) of EAS at large zenith angles were reconstructed on the basis of the DECOR experimental data on muon bundles detected in a long-term measurement series from 03.05.2012 to 04.07.2023. The results were obtained for two threshold muon density values of 0.015 and 0.068 particles/m2, corresponding to the detection of bundles with a multiplicity of at least 3 and at least 5 muons in the detector. At zenith angles less than 80°, the zenith-angle dependence of LMDS is well described by a power function of the zenith angle cosine. However, with a further increase in the zenith angle, this dependence changes significantly, and at angles of 87–88°, the measured values exceed the specified simple extrapolation by about an order of magnitude. This is due to the inapplicability of the flat atmosphere approximation at such angles. A simple formula has been obtained that takes into account the curvature of the Earth's atmosphere.

About the authors

R. P Kokoulin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

N. S Barbashina

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

A. G Bogdanov

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Email: agbogdanov@mephi.ru
Moscow, Russia

V. S Vorobev

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

E. A Zadeba

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

V. V Kindin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

K. G Kompaniets

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

A. Yu Konovalova

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

K. I Mannanova

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

A. A Petrukhin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

I. Yu Troshin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

S. S Khokhlov

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

V. V Shutenko

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

E. A Yurina

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

I. I Yashin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI

Moscow, Russia

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