Hygienic assessment of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics (literature review)

The basis of safety for working with chemicals, including pesticides, is to minimize contact with them and prevent them from entering the body by inhalation and dermal route, sometimes in actual production conditions, the skin pathway can be more dangerous. The most studied inhalation route of harmful substances entering the body of a working person is confirmed by an extensive evidence base, the presence of regulatory and methodological documents, experimentally established and approved MPC in the air of the occupational area for 2484 substances, and 601 substances included in SanPiN 1.2.3685-21¹. The maximum permissible levels (MPL) on the skin are presented for only 26 substances in the same document. Identification and evaluation of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics have methodological features due to the properties of the skin, which performs a barrier-protective function, and the physico-chemical, toxic properties of substances. The main stages of development in the domestic hygienic science and practice of research on the study and assessment of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics in industrial contact with them are presented. The continuity of research on the study and evaluation of the skin-resorptive impact of chemicals used in various industries and agriculture is shown, making it possible to develop methodological approaches to the identification and risk assessment of dermal absorption of xenobiotics, including pesticides, within the organisms of workers. Evaluating the risk of skin contamination is the main argument for the development of measures for the primary prevention of skin resorptive action. Establishing the priority of the dermal route of toxicant intake is an evidence-based justification for making decisions about the possibility of using, for example, pesticides on the territory of the Russian Federation. The literature review is based on open sources hosted on virtual database platforms: Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, e-LIBRARY, Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory Documents, etc.

Contribution:

Bereznyak I.V. — concept and design of the article, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript, approval of the final version of the article;

Lipkina L.I., Fedorova N.E, Nikolayeva N.I. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, writing a text;

Zavolokina N.G. — collection and processing of material. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The research was carried out within the framework of the project of the program «Scientific justification of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management and improving the quality of life of the population of Russia».

¹ Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness to humans of environmental factors: SanPiN 1.2.3685-21; Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 2 of 28.01.2021.