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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вьетнамские исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-9453</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688074</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54631/VS.2025.93-688074</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Foreign policy and inward political processes</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Внешняя политика и внутриполитические процессы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Basic aspects of security cooperation between Vietnam and Russia in the 21st century: current situation and prospects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Основные аспекты сотрудничества Вьетнама и России в сфере безопасности в XXI веке: текущее состояние и перспективы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8473-5609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nghiem</surname><given-names>Hung Tuan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгием</surname><given-names>Хунг Туан</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="VN">Viet Nam</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Director of Center for International Strategy and Security, Institute of European and Americas Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.н., руководитель Центра международной стратегии и безопасности, Институт европейских и американских исследований</p></bio><email>tuanhung3110@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Вьетнамская академия общественных наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Nghiem H.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Нгием Х.Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nghiem H.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нгием Х.Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vietnamjournal.ru/2618-9453/article/view/688074">https://vietnamjournal.ru/2618-9453/article/view/688074</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article analyzes the evolution of Vietnam–Russia security cooperation from 2001 to 2025 within the broader Indo-Pacific geopolitical context. Using a qualitative case study approach that blends realist and constructivist theories, it explores how historical ties and shared strategic interests have shaped a multifaceted partnership. Key areas of cooperation include arms transfers, military training, intelligence sharing, and emerging domains like non-traditional security. While Russian arms imports peaked in the early 2010s, a trend toward diversification emerged after 2017. Despite reduced procurement, Russia remains Vietnam’s main defense partner due to deep technical integration and logistical dependency. The study argues that the relationship has matured into a pragmatic, adaptive framework. As Vietnam pursues “multi-vector” diplomacy and Russia seeks relevance beyond the West, their cooperation reflects a resilient, non-aligned security model grounded in strategic autonomy, mutual respect, and flexibility.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье анализируется эволюция российско-вьетнамского сотрудничества в сфере безопасности с 2001 по 2025 год в широком геополитическом контексте Индо-Тихоокеанского региона. Используя качественный подход, сочетающий реалистические и конструктивистские теории, авторы исследуют, как исторические связи и общие стратегические интересы сформировали многогранное партнерство. Ключевые области сотрудничества включают поставки вооружений, военную подготовку, обмен разведданными и такие новые области, как нетрадиционная безопасность. Хотя импорт российских вооружений достиг пика в начале 2010-х годов, после 2017 года наметилась тенденция к диверсификации. Несмотря на сокращение закупок, Россия остается основным партнером Вьетнама в сфере обороны благодаря глубокой технической интеграции и логистической зависимости. В исследовании утверждается, что отношения переросли в прагматичную, адаптивную структуру. Поскольку Вьетнам придерживается «многовекторной» дипломатии, а Россия стремится к релевантности за пределами Запада, их сотрудничество отражает устойчивую, внеблоковую модель безопасности, основанную на стратегической автономии, взаимном уважении и гибкости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Vietnam</kwd><kwd>strategic balancing</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd><kwd>Vietnam, Russia &amp; China relations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd><kwd>стратегическое балансирование</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd><kwd>отношения Вьетнама, России и Китая</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arthur, G. (2025). 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