Development and Formation of Productivity of Potato Varieties of Kamchatka Breeding Depending on the Elements of Cultivation Technology

The influence of different technological methods of planting and care of potatoes is studied, the values of plant development, photosynthesis, formation of productivity and yield at cultivation of new potato varieties of Kamchatka selection is established in order to improve the existing technology. The recommended methods of planting and plant care have a direct impact on the formation of assimilative surface of potato leaves. The greatest assimilative surface of leaves was formed in the flowering phase, at planting with and without soil rolling and ridge formation at care, the increase to the controlled variant was on average for varieties: Fresco – 7,9 thousand m²/ha (17,6%), Geyser – 4,5 thousand m²/ha (10,0%), Vulkan – 3,2 thousand m²/ha (8,6%). The same pattern is observed during the period of mass sprouting, in the variety Fresco assimilative surface of leaves increased to the controlled variant by 4.5 thousand m²/ha (37.5%), Geyser – 2.5 thousand m²/ha (20.8%), Vulkan – 2.5 thousand m²/ha (23.8%). In terms of net photosynthetic productivity, we note an increase of 16.9% on average, depending on the variety, in comparison with the controlled variant in the way with planting with soil rolling and ridge formation during maintenance. On the same variant we note an increase to controlled variant photosynthetic potential of potato plantings on the variety Fresco – 22.2%, Geyser – 15.3%; Vulkan – 13.3% and dry biomass – 7.5 t/ha (40.9%), 7.1 t/ha (32.6%), 6.5 t/ha (36.7%), respectively. The future yield of potatoes depends on the formation of leaf surface, on variants with soil rolling and ridge formation in the care of potato plants noted a stable increase in yield on average for three years 3.4–4.1 t/ha or 11.6–13.7% compared to the current technology.