Formation of a scientific school on genetic resources, selection and genetics of grapes in Russia from N.I. Vavilov to the present day

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While discussing the establishment of scientific school of grapevine genetic resources, breeding and genetics in Russia, its formation is of undoubted scientific importance not by one individual only, but generally by studying and analyzing the contribution of generations of scientists in the country, focusing, as a baseline, on fundamental researches and stated theories of N.I. Vavilov. Analyzing the historical and modern stages of grape breeding methodology in conjunction with source material – genetic resources, and those determined by the specificity of pattern genome manifesting and inheriting genetically determined traits, it is necessary to highlight two aspects: the process of grape gene pool formation, the origin of individual varieties in the process of natural evolution, and task-oriented creation of new cultivars in the process of experimental evolution. Understanding of the methodology of grapevine natural morphogenesis in due course generated the methodology of targeted creation of new cultivars. Natural hybridization, natural mutagenesis and natural selection as initial methods of grapevine morphogenesis for generations of Russian scientists made it possible, using descriptive ampelography, to further move to directed hybridization, induced mutagenesis and induced polyploidization in combination with artificial selection. And only recently the transition from breeding at the organismal level to genome editing at the gene level became possible using modern bioengineering methods and various approaches to gene engineering.

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作者简介

V. Likhovskoy

FSBIS «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach”

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: volynkin@magarach-institut.ru

Grand PhD in Agricultural Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

V. Volynkin

FSBIS «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach”

Email: volynkin@magarach-institut.ru

Grand PhD in Agricultural Sciences, Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

A. Polulyakh

FSBIS «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach”

Email: volynkin@magarach-institut.ru

PhD in Agricultural Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

V. Zlenko

FSBIS «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach”

Email: volynkin@magarach-institut.ru

PhD in Agricultural Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

N. Studennikova

FSBIS «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach”

Email: volynkin@magarach-institut.ru

PhD in Agricultural Sciences

俄罗斯联邦, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

G. Spotar

FSBIS «All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach”

Email: volynkin@magarach-institut.ru

Junior Researcher

俄罗斯联邦, Yalta, Republic of Crimea

参考

  1. Avidzba A.M. Evolyuciya issledovanij po problemam ampelografii, genetiki i selekcii vinograda v institute vinograda i vina «Magarach» s XIX veka. // Magarach. Vinogradarstvo i vinodelie. 2015. № 3. S. 3–7.
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补充文件

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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Distribution of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris in the Ulu-Uzen river basin (Crimea, Alushta, 2006).

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3. Fig. 2. Modern classification of relict wild forest grapes of Crimea Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris Gmel (Hegi).

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4. Fig. 3. Classification of Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa D.C. A.M. Negrulya, supplemented by scientists from the Magarach Institute.

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5. Fig. 5. Variability of grape resistance in F1 offspring depending on the resistance of the original genotypes to various pathogens.

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6. Fig. 6. Leaves of the original parental forms of Harty pro Livier and Ampelopsis cordata (a), Picpoul black and Ampelopsis acontifolia (b) and seedlings obtained as a result of their hybridization.

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7. Fig. 4. Selected grape varieties: a – Aurora Magaracha, b – Polyvitis Magaracha.

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8. Fig. 6. Selected grape varieties: a – Aurora Magaracha, b – Polyvitis Magaracha.

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9. Fig. 8. A new grape variety bred by the Magarach Institute, Kephesia Magarach.

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