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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал органической химии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0514-7492</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6304</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">697731</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034630425060011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Antiproliferative Activity of 4,5,6-Trisubstituted 2-Aminopyrimidines as Potential TGF-β Inhibitors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ДИЗАЙН, СИНТЕЗ И IN VITRO АНТИПРОЛИФЕРАТИВНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ 4,5,6-ТРИЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ 2-АМИНОПИРИМИДИНОВ КАК ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНЫХ БЛОКАТОРОВ СИГНАЛЬНОГО КАСКАДА TGF-β</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sachkova</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сачкова</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rysina</surname><given-names>Yu. D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рысина</surname><given-names>Ю. Д</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svirshchevskaya</surname><given-names>E. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свирщевская</surname><given-names>Е. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishin</surname><given-names>I. D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришин</surname><given-names>И. Д</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдоров</surname><given-names>А. Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>afedorovNN@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegravina</surname><given-names>E. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щегравина</surname><given-names>Е. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>sc.katarina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ННГУ им. Н.И. Лобачевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биоорганической химии им. М.Е. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 61, NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 61, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>649</fpage><lpage>661</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vietnamjournal.ru/0514-7492/article/view/697731">https://vietnamjournal.ru/0514-7492/article/view/697731</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The TGF-β signaling cascade is a regulator of cellular processes such as growth, division, differentiation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Due to the deep involvement of this signaling pathway in the processes of carcinogenesis, participants in the cascade are promising oncology targets. Based on literature data, we have proposed a new structural class of TGF-β receptor inhibitors based on 2-aminopyrimidines. Two universal approaches to their synthesis have been proposed; the key transformation is the three-component Biginelli condensation aimed at the formation of a pyrimidine fragment. Using the developed synthetic approaches, 16 new compounds were obtained, for which antiproliferative activity in vitro was established against a number of tumor cell lines.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сигнальные белки каскада TGF-β (трансформирующий фактор роста бета) являются регуляторами таких клеточных процессов, как рост, деление, дифференцировка, миграция, инвазия и апоптоз. В связи с глубокой вовлеченностью данного сигнального пути в процессы канцерогенеза, эти протеины являются перспективными онкомишенами. На основании литературных данных нами предложен новый структурный класс ингибиторов рецепторов TGF-β на основе 2-аминопиримидинов. Предложено два универсальных подхода к их синтезу, в качестве ключевой трансформации выступает трехкомпонентная конденсация Бигинелли, направленная на формирование пиримидинового фрагмента. Синтезировано 16 новых соединений, для которых исследована in vitro антипролиферативная активность по отношению к ряду опухолевых клеточных линий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>2-aminopyrimidines</kwd><kwd>Biginelli reaction</kwd><kwd>Suzuki reaction</kwd><kwd>small molecule inhibitors</kwd><kwd>TGF-β signaling pathway</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>2-аминопиримидины</kwd><kwd>реакция Бигинелли</kwd><kwd>реакция Сузуки</kwd><kwd>низкомолекулярные ингибиторы</kwd><kwd>сигнальный путь TGF-β</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ 22-23-00736</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Massagué J. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2012, 13 (10), 616. doi 10.1038/nrm3434</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Burt D.W., Law A.S. Prog. 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