Electrostatic effects and formation of dusty plasma above the surface of Enceladus

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

详细

A mechanism of formation of plasma-dust system above the surface of Enceladus, the Saturn moon, illuminated by the solar radiation is proposed. It is demonstrated that the photoelectric effect caused by the sunlight and the influence of the solar-wind plasma create conditions for lifting of dust particles above the surface of the moon as a result of electrostatic repulsion. Based on a self-consistent model describing the electrostatic field and plasma components, including photoelectrons emitted from the Enceladus surface and those emitted from the surface of the dust particles, distribution functions of photoelectrons, dust particles, and their electrostatic charges are determined as functions of altitude and the angle between the local normal and the direction to the Sun. Also determined are the altitude profiles of the electrostatic fields for the corresponding angles between the local normal and the direction of the solar radiation. It is demonstrated that the photoelectric effect plays an important role in formation of dusty plasma near the Enceladus surface despite considerable distance from the Sun. It is established that concentration of photoelectrons above the Enceladus surface can exceed concentration of electrons and ions of the solar wind by an order of magnitude, and the size of the levitating particles is larger than the characteristic size of dust particles lifted above the surface of the Moon due to the fact that Enceladus is much smaller than the Moon. On the contrary, the size of particles levitating above Enceladus is much smaller than the size of particles levitating above the surface of celestial objects smaller than the Enceladus, e.g., the Martian satellites Phobos and Deimos.

作者简介

D. Shokhrin

National Research University Higher School of Economics

Email: kopnin@cosmos.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

S. Kopnin

Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: kopnin@cosmos.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

S. Popel

Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kopnin@cosmos.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

  1. Porco C.C., Baker E., Barbara J., Beurle K., Brahic A., Burns J.A., Charnoz S., Cooper N., Dawson D.D., Del Genio A.D., Denk T., Dones L., Dyudina U., Evans M.W., Giese B., Grazier K., Helfenstein P., Ingersoll A.P., Jacobson R.A., Johnson T.V., McEwen A., Murray C.D., Neukum G., Owen W.M., Perry J., Roatsch T., Spitale J., Squyres S., Thomas P., Tiscareno M., Turtle E., Vasavada A.R., Veverka J., Wagner R., West R. // Science. 2005. V. 307. P. 1226.
  2. Yaroshenko V.V., Ratynskaia S., Olson J., Brenning N., Wahlund J.-E., Morooka M., Kurth W.S., Gurnett D.A., Morfill G.E. // Planet. Space Sci. 2009. V. 57. P. 1807.
  3. Porco C.C., Helfenstein P., Thomas P. C., Ingersoll A.P., Wisdom J., West R., Neukum G., Denk T., Wagner R., Roatsch T., Kieffer S., Turtle E., McEwen A., Johnson T.V., Rathbun J., Veverka J., Wilson D., Perry J., Spitale J., Brahic A., Burns J.A., DelGenio A.D., Dones L., Murray C.D., Squyres S. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1393.
  4. Pitman K.M., Buratti B.J., Mosher J.A., Bauer J.M., Momary T.W., Brown R.H., Nicholson P.D., Hedman M.M. // Astrophys. J. 2008. V. 680. P. L65.
  5. Thomas P.C., Burns J.A., Helfenstein P., Squyres S., Veverka J., Porco C., Turtl E.P., McEwen A., Denk T., Giese B., Roatsch T., Johnson T.V., Jacobson R.A. // Icarus. 2007. V. 190. P. 573.
  6. Spahn F., Schmidt J., Albers N., Horning M., Makuch M., Seiß M., Kempf S., Srama R., Dikarev V., Helfert S., Moragas-Klostermeyer G., Krivov A.V., Sremcevic M., Tuzzolino A.J., Economou T., Grun E. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1416.
  7. Parkinson C.D., Liang M.-C., Yung Y.L., Kirschivnk J.L. // Orig. Life Evolution Biosph. 2008. V. 38. P. 355.
  8. Hao J., Glein C.R., Huang F., Yee N., Catling D.C., Postberg F., Hillier J.K., Hazen R.M. // PNAS. 2022. V.119. P. e2201388119.
  9. Postberg F., Schmidt J., Hillier J., Kempf S., Srama R. // Nature. 2011. V. 474. P. 620.
  10. Kieffer S.W., Lu X., Bethke C.M., Spencer J.R., Marshak S., Navrotsky A. // Science. 2006. V. 314. P. 1764.
  11. Waite J.H., Glein C.R., Perryman R.S., Teolis B.D., Magee B.A., Miller G., Grimes J., Perry M.E., Miller K.E., Bouquet A., Lunine J.I., Brockwell T., Bolton S.J. // Science. 2017. V. 356. P. 155.
  12. Waite J.H. Jr., Combi M.R., Ip W.-H., Cravens T.E., McNutt R.L. Jr., Kasprzak W., Yelle R., Luhmann J., Niemann H., Gell D., Magee B., Fletcher G., Lunine J., Tseng W.-L. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1419.
  13. Brown R.H., Clark R.N., Buratti B.J., Cruikshank D.P., Barnes J.W., Mastrapa R.M.E., Bauer J., Newman S., Momary T., Baines K.H., Bellucci G., Capaccioni F., Cerroni P., Combes M., Coradini A., Drossart P., Formisano V., Jaumann R., Langevin Y., Matson D.L., McCord T.B., Nelson R.M., Nicholson P.D., Sicardy B., Sotin C. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1425.
  14. Hansen C.J., Esposito L., Stewart A.I.F., Colwell J., Hendrix A., Pryor W., Shemansky D., West R. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1422.
  15. Spencer J.R., Pearl J.C., Segura M., Flasar F.M., Mamoutkine A., Romani P., Buratti B.J., Hendrix A.R., Spilker L.J., Lopes R.M.C. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1401.
  16. Rothery D.A. Satellites of the Outer Planets: Worlds in Their Own Right. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1999. 264 p.
  17. Efroimsky M. // Icarus. 2018. V. 300. P. 223.
  18. Collins G.C., Goodman J.C. // Icarus. 2007. V. 189. P. 72.
  19. Gioia G., Chakraborty P., Marshak S., Kieffer S.W. // PNAS. 2007. V.104. P.13578.
  20. Newman S.F., Buratti B.J., Brown R.H., Jaumann R., Bauer J., Momary T. // Icarus. 2008. V. 193. P.397.
  21. Tokar R.L., Johnson R.E., Hill T.W., D.H.Pontius, Kurth W.S., Crary F.J., Young D.T., Thomsen M.F., Reisenfeld D.B., Coates A.J., Lewis G.R., Sittler E.C., Gurnett D.A. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1409.
  22. Iess L., Stevenson D.J., Parisi M., Hemingway D., Jacobson R.A., Lunine J.I., Nimmo F., Armstrong J.W., Asmar S.W., Ducci M., Tortora P. // Science. 2014. V. 344. P. 78.
  23. Farrell W.M., Kurth W.S., Tokar R.L., Wahlund J.-E., Gurnett D.A., Wang Z., McDowall R.J., Morooka M.W., Johnson R.E., Waite J.H. Jr. // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010. V. 37. P. L20202.
  24. Morooka M.W., Wahlund J.-E., Eriksson A.I., Farrell W.M., Gurnett D.A., Kurth W.S., Persoon A.M., Shafiq M., André M., Holmberg M.K.G. // J. Geophys. Res. 2011. V. 116. P. A12221.
  25. Engelhardt I.A.D., Wahlund J.-E., Andrews D.J., Eriksson A.I., Ye S., Kurth W.S., Gurnett D.A., Morooka M.W., Farrell W.M., Dougherty M.K. // Planet. Space Sci. 2015. V. 117. P. 453.
  26. Stubbs T.J., Vondrak R.R., Farrell W.M. // Advances Space Res. 2006. V. 37. P. 59.
  27. Sternovsky Z., Chamberlin P., Horányi M., Robertson S., Wang X. // J. Geophys. Res. 2008. V. 113. P. A10104.
  28. Stubbs T.J., Glenar D.A., Farrell W.M., Vondrak R.R., Collier M.R., Halekas J.S., Delory G.T. // Planet. Space. Sci. 2011. V. 59. P. 1659.
  29. Голубь А.П., Дольников Г.Г., Захаров А.В., Зеленый Л.М., Извекова Ю.Н., Копнин С.И., Попель С.И. // Письма ЖЭТФ. 2012. Т. 95. С. 198.
  30. Лисин Е.А., Тараканов В.П., Петров О.Ф., Попель С.И., Дольников Г.Г., Захаров А.В., Зеленый Л.М., Фортов В.Е. // Письма ЖЭТФ. 2013. Т. 98. С. 755.
  31. Буринская Т.М. // Физика плазмы. 2014. Т. 40. С. 17.
  32. Popel S.I., Zelenyi L.M., Golub’ A.P., Dubinskii A.Yu. // Planet. Space Sci. 2018. V. 156. P. 71.
  33. Popel S.I., Golub’ A.P., Kassem A.I., Zelenyi L.M. // Phys. Plasmas. 2022. V. 29. P. 013701.
  34. Schmidt J., Brilliantov N., Spahn F., Kempf S. // Nature. 2008. V. 451. P. 685.
  35. Postberg F., Kempf S., Schmidt J., Brilliantov N., Beinsen A., Abel B., Buck U., Srama R. // Nature. 2009. V. 459. P. 1098.
  36. Rossi C., Cianfarra P., Salvini F., Bourgeois O., Tobie G. // J. Geophys. Res.: Planets. 2020. V. 125. P. e2020JE006471.
  37. Попель С.И., Копнин С.И., Голубь А.П., Дольников Г.Г., Захаров А.В., Зеленый Л.М., Извекова Ю.Н. // Астрономич. Вестн. 2013. Т. 47. С. 455.
  38. Голубь А.П., Попель С.И. // Письма ЖЭТФ. 2021. Т. 113. С. 440.
  39. Голубь А.П., Попель С.И. // Физика плазмы. 2021. Т. 47. С. 741.
  40. Попель С.И., Голубь А.П., Захаров А.В., Зеленый Л.М. // Письма ЖЭТФ. 2017. Т. 106. С. 469.
  41. Попель С.И., Голубь А.П., Зеленый Л.М. // Физика плазмы. 2018. Т. 44. С. 635.
  42. Walbridge E. // J. Geophys. Res. 1973. V. 78. P. 3668.
  43. Клумов Б.А., Морфилл Г.Е., Попель С.И. // ЖЭТФ. 2005. Т. 127. С. 171.
  44. Schmitt-Ott A., Schurtenberger P., Siegmann H.C. // Phys. Rev. Lett. 1980. V. 45. P. 1284.
  45. Chamberlin P.C., Woods T.N., Eparvier F.G. // Space Weather. 2008. V. 6. P. S05001.
  46. Попель С.И., Голубь А.П., Извекова Ю.Н., Афонин В.В., Дольников Г.Г., Захаров А.В., Зеленый Л.М., Лисин Е.А., Петров О.Ф. // Письма ЖЭТФ. 2014. Т. 99. С. 131.
  47. Колесников Е.К., Мануйлов А.С. // Астрономич. Ж. 1982. Т. 59. С. 996.
  48. Колесников Е.К., Яковлев А.Б. // Астрономич. вестн. 1997. Т. 31. С. 70.
  49. Losseva T.V., Popel S.I., Golub’ A.P., Izvekova Yu.N., Shukla P.K. // Phys. Plasmas. 2012. V. 19. P. 013703.
  50. Dougherty M.K., Khurana K.K., Neubauer F.M., Russell C.T., Saur J., Leisner J.S., Burton M.E. // Science. 2006. V. 311. P. 1406.
  51. Попель С.И., Голубь А.П., Кассем А.И., Зеленый Л.М. // Физика плазмы. 2022. Т. 48. С. 451.
  52. Попель С.И., Голубь А.П. // Письма ЖЭТФ. 2022. Т. 115. С. 629.
  53. Ye S.-Y., Gurnett D.A., Kurth W.S. // Icarus. 2016. V. 279. P. 51.
  54. Popel S.I., Kassem A.I., Izvekova Yu.N., Zelenyi L.M. // Phys. Lett. A. 2020. V. 384. P. 126627.

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载

版权所有 © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024