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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="obituary" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Novaya i Novejshaya Istoriya</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Novaya i Novejshaya Istoriya</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Новая и новейшая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0130-3864</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699101</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034543X25060178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Messages</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Сообщения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Personal</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Patrice Lumumba at One Hundred: A Biographical Reappraisal</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К 100-летию ПАТРИСА ЛУМУМБЫ. БИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОЧЕРК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-751X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">38661607200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazov</surname><given-names>S. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазов</surname><given-names>С. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio><p>доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>s.mazov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт всеобщей истории РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>214</fpage><lpage>228</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-23"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vietnamjournal.ru/0130-3864/article/view/699101">https://vietnamjournal.ru/0130-3864/article/view/699101</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article marks the centenary of Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, whose political life and tragic death became emblematic of Africa’s struggle for independence. It traces Lumumba’s intellectual and political evolution from a representative of the Congolese évolué class — an advocate of a “Belgian-Congolese community” based on gradual reform and coexistence — to a leading figure of the radical Pan-African and national liberation movement after the 1958 All-African Peoples’ Conference. The study examines the challenges Lumumba faced in governing a newly independent Congo, a country quickly transformed into a Cold War battleground and a site of competing geopolitical interests over Africa’s vast strategic resources. It analyses the factors behind his failed attempts to secure military support from Ghana and the Soviet Union, which sealed his defeat by pro-Western forces and led to his assassination. The article also explores the resurgence of scholarly and political interest in Lumumba as a symbol of African independence and of the unfulfilled aspirations associated with decolonisation. A critical reassessment of his legacy, achievements, and errors is particularly relevant today, as Africa enters a new phase of postcolonial self-determination and struggles to assert genuine sovereignty. The analysis draws on documents from Russian and British archives, Lumumba’s speeches, memoirs of contemporaries, and official publications of the United Nations, the USSR, and the United States.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 2025 г. исполнилось 100 лет со дня рождения Патриса Лумумбы — первого премьер-министра Конго, незаконно отстраненного от власти и убитого приспешниками колонизаторов. До конца 1950-х годов он был типичным конголезским эволюэ, сторонником идеи «бельгийско-конголезского сообщества», в котором африканцы и европейцы будут гармонично сосуществовать, постепенно преодолевая отрицательные стороны «старого» колониализма. После первой конференции народов Африки в 1958 г. примкнул к левому крылу африканского национально-освободительного движения и панафриканизма. Став премьер-министром, Лумумба не смог справиться с многочисленными и сложными проблемами Конго, бывшего одним из фронтов холодной войны, ареной борьбы за контроль над «сердцем Африки» и богатейшими запасами стратегического минерального сырья. Проанализированы причины несостоятельности надежд Лумумбы на силовую поддержку Ганы и СССР, что предопределило его поражение в противостоянии с прозападными силами Конго и личную трагическую судьбу. Лумумба остается символом африканской независимости и несбывшихся надежд, которые связывали с ней африканцы, что является залогом постоянного интереса к его личности и идеям. Беспристрастная оценка наследия, достижений и просчетов Лумумбы необходима сейчас, когда разворачивается новый этап деколонизации Африки, нарастает борьба африканцев за подлинный суверенитет своих стран. Источниковую базу составили документы из российских и британских архивов, выступления Лумумбы, мемуары участников событий, опубликованные официальные документы ООН, СССР, США.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Patrice Lumumba</kwd><kwd>Democratic Republic of the Congo</kwd><kwd>national liberation movement</kwd><kwd>Africa</kwd><kwd>Pan-Africanism</kwd><kwd>colonialism</kwd><kwd>decolonisation</kwd><kwd>Cold War</kwd><kwd>Congolese crisis, 1960–1965</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Патрис Лумумба</kwd><kwd>Демократическая Республика Конго</kwd><kwd>национально-освободительное движение</kwd><kwd>Африка</kwd><kwd>панафриканизм</kwd><kwd>колониализм</kwd><kwd>деколонизация</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>конголезский кризис 1960–1965 гг.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Винокуров Ю.А., Орлова А.С., Субботин В.А. История Заира в новое и новейшее время. 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