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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0041-3771</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6061</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677471</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0041377124050088</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DUJQAR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Opportunistic bacteria <italic>Serratia proteamaculans</italic> regulate the intensity of their invasion by increasing the expression of host cell surface receptors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Условно-патогенные бактерии <italic>Serratia proteamaculans</italic> регулируют интенсивность своей инвазии, увеличивая экспрессию поверхностных рецепторов клетки-хозяина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaplina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаплина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>olga566@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>5-6</issue><fpage>482</fpage><lpage>490</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/677471">https://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/677471</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The <italic>Serratia proteamaculans</italic> are able to penetrate eukaryotic cells. One of the virulence factors of these bacteria is the bacterial surface protein OmpX. The OmpX protein increases the adhesion of bacteria to the surface of eukaryotic cells. In addition, this protein increases the gene expression of the EGF receptor and β1 integrin, which determine the intensity of <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic> invasion. We show that OmpX also increases the expression of E-cadherin, which is involved in <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic> invasion. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of bacteria at different growth stages on the gene expression of receptors in carcinoma cells, which normally synthesize different numbers of receptors involved in invasion. Bacteria were used after 24 hours of growth, when they had not yet synthesized the OmpX-cleaving protease protealysin, and after 48 hours of growth, when active protealysin was detected in bacterial extracts. After 24 and 48 hours of growth, the bacteria induce an increase in the gene expression of EGF receptor, E-cadherin, β1 and α5 integrins in M-HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, A549 lung carcinoma cells, Caco-2 colon adenocarcinoma cells, and DF-2 skin fibroblasts. The intensity of the increase in receptor expression depends on the properties of the cell line and the growth stage of the bacteria. Moreover, infection with <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic> causes a similar increase in the expression of only the EGF receptor and β1 integrin. Using quantitative invasion, it was shown that the intensity of bacterial invasion, depending on the growth stage of the bacterial culture, correlates with the dynamics of increased gene expression of the EGF receptor and β1 integrin. When analyzing the number of receptors, it was shown that an increase in the gene expression of the EGF receptor and β1 integrin in cells may be necessary to replenish the pool of receptors that move from the membrane into the cytoplasm of the host cell during infection. Thus, as a result of contact of the bacterial surface protein OmpX with the surface of a human cell, receptors involved in <italic>S. proteamaculans </italic>invasion accumulate. Moreover, it is the increase in the gene expression of the EGF receptor and β1-integrin that determines the sensitivity of infected cells to <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бактерии <italic>Serratia proteamaculans</italic> способны проникать в клетки эукариот. Одним из факторов вирулентности этих бактерий является поверхностный белок бактерий OmpX, увеличивающий адгезию бактерий к поверхности клеток. Кроме того, при заражении бактериями этот поверхностный белок увеличивает в клетках-хозяина экспрессию рецептора ЭФР и β1-интегрина, вовлеченных в инвазию <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic>. С другой стороны, <italic>S. proteamaculans </italic>увеличивают экспрессию и гена Е-кадгерина. Задача настоящей работы заключалась в том, чтобы определить, может ли OmpX регулировать экспрессию гена Е-кадгерина, и сравнить влияние бактерий на разных стадиях их роста на экспрессию рецепторов клеток карцином, содержащих разное количество рецепторов, участвующих в инвазии. На первом этапе работы мы показали, что OmpX увеличивает экспрессию генов не только рецептора ЭФР и интегрина β1, но и Е-кадгерина, опосредующего инвазию <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic>. Поэтому в этой работе бактерии использовали после 24-часового роста, когда они еще не синтезируют расщепляющую OmpX протеазу протеализин, и через 48 ч роста, когда в экстрактах бактерий детектируется активный протеализин. Бактерии через 24 и 48 ч роста вызывают увеличение экспрессии рецептора ЭФР, Е-кадгерина, β1- и α5-субъединиц интегрина в клетках карцином M-HeLa, A549 и Caco-2, а также в фибробластах кожи DF-2. Степень увеличения экспрессии рецепторов зависит от свойств клеточной линии и стадии роста бактерий, а динамика увеличения экспрессии схожа только для генов рецептора ЭФР и интегрина β1. При этом чем больше экспрессия генов рецептора ЭФР и интегрина β1 (в зависимости от стадии роста бактерий), тем сильнее инвазия. Анализ количества рецепторов привел к заключению, что увеличение экспрессии генов рецептора ЭФР и интегрина β1 в клетках может быть необходимо для восполнения пула рецепторов, которые перемещаются от мембраны в цитоплазму клетки хозяина при заражении. Таким образом, в результате контакта белка OmpX с клеткой-хозяином происходит накопление рецепторов, вовлеченных в инвазию бактерий <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic>. При этом именно увеличение экспрессии генов рецептора ЭФР и β1-интегрина определяет чувствительность зараженных клеток к <italic>S. proteamaculans</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial invasion</kwd><kwd>protealysin</kwd><kwd>outer membrane protein OmpX</kwd><kwd>Serratia proteamaculans</kwd><kwd>EGFR</kwd><kwd>α5β1 integrin</kwd><kwd>E-cadherin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальная инвазия</kwd><kwd>белок внешней мембраны OmpX</kwd><kwd>Serratia proteamaculans</kwd><kwd>рецептор ЭФР</kwd><kwd>α5β1 интегрин</kwd><kwd>Е-кадгерин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-20045</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-20045</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Цаплина О. 2018. 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