Cell and Tissue BiologyCell and Tissue BiologyЦитология0041-37713034-6061The Russian Academy of Sciences66963410.31857/S0041377123040090ZKSHFPArticlesСтатьиMolecular Mechanisms Underlying Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases and the Potential Possibility of their NeutralizationМолекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе болезней Альцгеймера и Паркинсона, и потенциальная возможность их нейтрализацииNevzglyadovaO. V.НевзглядоваО. В.oneva43@yahoo.comMikhailovaE. V.МихайловаЕ. В.oneva43@yahoo.comSoidlaT. R.СойдлаТ. Р.oneva43@yahoo.comInstitute of Cytology RASИнститут цитологии РАН0107202365432333827022025Copyright ©; 2023, О.В. Невзглядова, Е.В. Михайлова, Т.Р. СойдлаCopyright ©; 2023, О.В. Невзглядова, Е.В. Михайлова, Т.Р. Сойдла2023О.В. Невзглядова, Е.В. Михайлова, Т.Р. СойдлаО.В. Невзглядова, Е.В. Михайлова, Т.Р. Сойдлаhttps://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669634

Different protein forms inevitably load up in the cell under the influence of external and internal factors. With aging, the activity of chaperones and other components of the cell protein quality control machinery decreases. This results in accumulation of misfolded proteins with altered conformation. The most drastic alteration is the conversion of the active soluble molecules to the insoluble and inactive amyloid. Such a conformation shift of proteins is considered to lie behind the neurodegeneration process. A number of studies are devoted to neurodegeneration, but many details of the process still need to be clarified. In this review we outline some modern views on molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the most widespread Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. These are based on a series of interactions between Abeta and alfa-synuclein and membrane receptors and are modulated by phase separation and cross-seeding with other cell prions. Special attention is paid to natural polyfunctional compounds as promising therapeutic agents.

Под действием внешних и внутренних факторов в клетках неизбежно возникают разные измененные белковые формы. С возрастом активность шаперонов и других компонентов клеточного контроля за качеством белка снижается. Это сопровождается накоплением неправильно уложенных белков с измененной конформацией. Наиболее драматично для клетки превращение активного растворимого белка в амилоидное нерастворимое и неактивное состояние. Считается, что такое изменение конформации белка лежит в основе процесса нейродегенерации. Хотя этот процесс интенсивно изучается, многие детали нейродегенерации остаются непроясненными. В настоящем обзоре мы приводим наиболее принятые в настоящее время молекулярные механизмы патогенеза самых распространенных нейродегенеративных заболеваний – Альцгеймера и Паркинсона. Они включают в себя последовательные реакции бета-амило́ида и альфа-синуклеина с мембранными рецепторами и модулируются фазовым разделением и кросс-сидингом с другими клеточными прионами. Особое внимание уделяется натуральным полифункциональным соединениям, как наиболее терапевтически перспективным.

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