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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0041-3771</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6061</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">669570</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0041377123020049</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LWPMHE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cryoprotective Characteristics of L-Carnosine Dipeptide (β-Alanyl-L-Histidine)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Криопротекторные характеристики дипептида L-карнозина (β-аланил-L-гистидина)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokrushin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокрушин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mok@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, А.А. Мокрушин</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, А.А. Мокрушин</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">А.А. Мокрушин</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А.А. Мокрушин</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669570">https://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669570</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181325775424">The dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is found in significant amounts in the muscles and brain of mammals, especially in the olfactory structures. L-Carnosine exhibits many protective effects when exposed to various cytotoxic factors on cells. We used slices of the rat olfactory cortex to study the cryoprotective characteristics of L-carnosine during cryopreservation (CP). Changes in the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) were analyzed during registration of NMDA potentials induced by electrical stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract. Brain slices were preincubated with L-carnosine (20 mM) in solution, frozen (−10°C), and after a long CP (30 days) they were warmed up to 37°C and changes in the amplitudes of NMDA potentials were determined. It was found that the dipeptide optimized the pH of the freezing solution after CP and retained the activity of NMDAR, determined by the amplitude of NMDA potentials. L-Carnosine after CP contributed to the dehydration of excess free water from the slices. The dipeptide inhibited the development of glutamate excitotoxicity in brain slices during CP and maintained normal NMDAR functioning. The data obtained prove that L-carnosine exhibits the properties of an endogenous cryoprotector in the nervous tissue.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181325774416">Дипептид (β-аланил-L-гистидин) обнаружен в значительных количествах в мышцах и в головном мозге млекопитающих, особенно в обонятельных структурах. L-карнозин проявляет многие протективные эффекты при действии на клетки различных цитотоксических факторов. Срезы обонятельной коры мозга крыс мы использовали для изучения криопротективных характеристик L-карнозина в процессе криосохранения (КС). Анализировали изменения активности N-метил-D-аспартатных рецепторов (NMDAR) при регистрации NMDA-потенциалов, вызываемых электрической стимуляцией латерального обонятельного тракта. Срезы мозга преинкубировали с L-карнозином (20 мМ) в искусственном цереброспинальном растворе, замораживали (–10°C,) и после длительного КС (30 сут) отогревали до 37°С. До и после КС определяли изменения амплитуд NMDA-потенциалов. Обнаружено, что дипептид оптимизировал рН замораживающего раствора после КС и сохранял активность NMDAR, определяемых по амплитуде NMDA-потенциалов. L-карнозин после КС способствовал дегидратации избыточной свободной воды из срезов. Дипептид ингибировал развитие глутаматной эксайтотоксичности в срезах мозга в процессе КС и сохранял нормальное функционирование NMDAR. Полученные данные доказывают, что L-карнозин проявляет свойства эндогенного криопротектора в нервной ткани.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>L-Carnosine</kwd><kwd>cortical slices</kwd><kwd>NMDA receptors</kwd><kwd>focal potentials</kwd><kwd>freezing/thawing</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd><italic>:</italic> L-карнозин</kwd><kwd>срезы мозга</kwd><kwd>рецепторы NMDA</kwd><kwd>фокальные потенциалы</kwd><kwd>замораживание–отогревание</kwd><kwd>криосохранение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор признателен Г.П. Смирновой за помощь в проведении экспериментов и С.Е. Боровикову за техническую помощь в настройке и обслуживании электрофизиологической установки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Митюшов М.И., Емельянов Н.А., Мокрушин А.А., Войнер И.А., Багаева Т.Р. 1986. Переживающий срез мозга как объект нейрофизиологического и нейрохимического исследования. Л.: Наука. 127 с. (Mityushov M.I., Emelya-nov N.A., Mokrushin A.A., Voiner I.A., Bagaeva T.R. 1986. The surviving slice of the brain as an object of neurophysio-logical and neurochemical research. L.: Nauka. 127 p.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Мокрушин А.А. 1997. Пептид-зависимые механизмы нейрональной пластичности в обонятельной коре. Автореф. докт. дис. Спб. 40 с. (Mokrushin A.A. 1997. Peptide-dependent mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the olfactory cortex. Thesis Doct. Diss. 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