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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0041-3771</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6061</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">669566</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0041377123020086</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NDBVPD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Growth and Molecular Characteristics of Temozolomide-Resistant Human A172 and R1 Glioblastoma Cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ростовые и молекулярные характеристики клеток глиобластом человека линий A172 и R1, резистентных к действию темозоломида</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinevich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пиневич</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vartanyan</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вартанян</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartashev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карташев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>Z. U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>Ж. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitina</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свитина</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilovich</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлович</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>agniapinevich@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий им. акад. А.М. Гранова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Konstantinov Saint Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Петербугский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова НИЦ “Курчатовский институт”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, А.А. Пиневич, Н.Л. Вартанян, А.В. Карташев, Л.Н. Киселева, И.В. Смирнов, Ж.Ю. Сидорова, С.П. Свитина, М.П. Самойлович</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, А.А. Пиневич, Н.Л. Вартанян, А.В. Карташев, Л.Н. Киселева, И.В. Смирнов, Ж.Ю. Сидорова, С.П. Свитина, М.П. Самойлович</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">А.А. Пиневич, Н.Л. Вартанян, А.В. Карташев, Л.Н. Киселева, И.В. Смирнов, Ж.Ю. Сидорова, С.П. Свитина, М.П. Самойлович</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А.А. Пиневич, Н.Л. Вартанян, А.В. Карташев, Л.Н. Киселева, И.В. Смирнов, Ж.Ю. Сидорова, С.П. Свитина, М.П. Самойлович</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669566">https://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669566</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181323351280">Glioblastoma recurrence is caused by initial and acquired as a result of therapy resistance of tumor cells. Studies searching the markers that would allow predicting the level of glioblastoma cell resistance to therapy are in progress. The complexity of the problem is related to the high heterogeneity of individual tumors and the cellular content of each tumor. In present work, a comparative study of the influence of single temozolomide (in Temodal® form) ex-posure on the well-known glioblastoma cell line A172 and a new one R1 was performed. In A172 (highly tem-ozolomide-sensitive cell line) after treatment with 0.1 mM of this drug only individual cells persisted and resumed proliferation. In R1 glioblastoma cell line single cells survived and resumed proliferation after treatment with 1 mM temozolomide. The populations resulting from the proliferation of these cells were designated as resistant. The expression of MGMT, as well as genes responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and tumor progression (<italic>MGMT</italic>, <italic>ABCB1</italic>, <italic>ABCC1</italic>, <italic>ABCG2</italic>), growth factor genes (<italic>VEGF</italic>, <italic>HGF</italic>), cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, and their encoding genes was examined in resistant A172 and R1 cells. In A172 cells, the methylated status of <italic>MGMT</italic> gene promoter was confirmed, as well as the absence of the corresponding gene expression. It was shown for the first time that glioblastoma R1 is heterogeneous by the methylation status of <italic>MGMT</italic> gene promoter and expression of the relevant enzyme. In A172 and R1 resistant cell populations, the level of <italic>MGMT</italic> gene promoter methylation was lower than in the intact cells, and <italic>MGMT</italic> gene expression was enhanced. We suspect that this may be the reason for greater resistance of such cells to chemotherapy. The expression of most genes associated with resistance to chemotherapy and a more aggressive course of the disease, genes of growth factors, and interleukins in resistant A172 cells was higher than in intact cells. In contrast, in resistant R1 cells, the expression of most of the same genes (with the exception of <italic>ABCC1</italic> and <italic>VEGF</italic>, for which the expression level changed insignificantly) was lower than in the intact cells. These results confirm the significance of MGMT in the formation of glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide. The prognostic value of the other studied parameters is still ambiguous.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181323347952">Рецидивирование глиобластом обусловлено исходной и приобретенной в результате терапии резистентностью опухолевых клеток. Широко ведутся исследования по поиску маркеров, которые позволили бы предсказывать уровень резистентности клеток глиобластом к терапии. Сложность проблемы связана с высокой гетерогенностью индивидуальных опухолей и клеточного состава каждой опухоли. В представленной работе проведено сравнительное изучение однократного действия темозоломида в форме Темодала® на известную линию глиобластомы А172 и новую линию R1. В высокочувствительной к темозоломиду линии А172 после воздействия 0.1 мМ химиопрепарата сохранялись отдельные клетки, которые возобновляли пролиферацию. Для глиобластомы R1 доза темозоломида, после которой выживали единичные клетки, возобновлявшие пролиферацию, составила 1.0 мМ. Популяции, полученные в результате пролиферации таких клеток, были обозначены как резистентные. В резистентных клетках A172 и R1 исследовали экспрессию генов, ответственных за устойчивость к химиопрепаратам и прогрессию опухолей (<italic>MGMT</italic>, <italic>А-ВСВ1</italic>, <italic>АВСС1,</italic> <italic>ABCG2</italic>), наличие фермента MGMT, экспрессию генов ростовых факторов (<italic>VEGF</italic>, <italic>HGF</italic>), а также продукцию цитокинов IL-6 и IL-8 и экспрессию кодирующих их генов. В клетках А172 был подтвержден метилированный статус промотора гена <italic>MGMT</italic>, а также отсутствие экспрессии соответствующего гена. Впервые показано, что глиобластома R1 гетерогенна по статусу метилирования промотора гена <italic>MGMT</italic> и присутствию самого фермента. В популяциях резистентных клеток А172 и R1 уровень метилирования промотора гена <italic>MGMT</italic> был ниже, чем в исходных клетках, а экспрессия гена усилена, что может быть причиной большей устойчивости таких клеток к химиопрепаратам. Экспрессия большинства генов, связанных с устойчивостью к химиотерапии и более агрессивным течением заболевания, генов ростовых факторов и интерлейкинов в резистентных клетках А172 была выше, чем в интактных клетках. В резистентных клетках R1 экспрессия большинства тех же генов (за исключением <italic>АВСС1</italic> и <italic>VEGF</italic>, уровень экспрессии которых менялся незначительно) была, напротив, ниже, чем в исходной линии. Полученные результаты подтверждают значимость MGMT в формировании резистентности клеток глиобластом к темозоломиду. Прогностическая ценность остальных исследованных показателей пока представляется неоднозначной.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glioblastoma</kwd><kwd>A172</kwd><kwd>R1</kwd><kwd>resistant cells</kwd><kwd>temozolomide</kwd><kwd>MGMT</kwd><kwd>multiple drug resistance</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>IL-8</kwd><kwd>Te-modal®</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>глиобластома</kwd><kwd>A172</kwd><kwd>R1</kwd><kwd>резистентные клетки</kwd><kwd>темозоломид</kwd><kwd>MGMT</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>IL-6</kwd><kwd>IL-8</kwd><kwd>Темодал®</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Волков Н.М. 2021. Резистентность к химиотерапии – исчерпаны ли возможности? Практическая онкология. Т. 22. № 2. С. 99. (Volkov N.M. 2021. Cancer resistance to chemotherapy – are all possibilities exhausted? Pract. Oncol. V. 22. № 2. 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