Cell and Tissue BiologyCell and Tissue BiologyЦитология0041-37713034-6061The Russian Academy of Sciences66953310.31857/S0041377123060068QNYLGAArticlesСтатьиReview of Local Cellular and Molecular Processes of Bone Tissue Regeneration Induced by Calcium Phosphate MaterialsОбзор локальных клеточно-молекулярных процессов регенерации костной ткани, индуцированных кальцийфосфатными материаламиMiroshnichenkoL. A.МирошниченкоЛ. А.larisalitvinova@yandex.ruPolyakovaT. Yu.ПоляковаТ. Ю.larisalitvinova@yandex.ruLitvinovaL. S.ЛитвиноваЛ. С.larisalitvinova@yandex.ruKhlusovI. A.ХлусовИ. А.larisalitvinova@yandex.ruLaboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical UniversityЛаборатория клеточных и микрофлюидных технологий, Сибирский государственный медицинский университетDepartment of Normal Physiology, Siberian State Medical UniversityКафедра нормальной физиологии, Сибирский государственный медицинский университет0111202365655757227022025Copyright ©; 2023, Л.А. Мирошниченко, Т.Ю. Полякова, Л.С. Литвинова, И.А. ХлусовCopyright ©; 2023, Л.А. Мирошниченко, Т.Ю. Полякова, Л.С. Литвинова, И.А. Хлусов2023Л.А. Мирошниченко, Т.Ю. Полякова, Л.С. Литвинова, И.А. ХлусовЛ.А. Мирошниченко, Т.Ю. Полякова, Л.С. Литвинова, И.А. Хлусовhttps://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669533

One of the leading causes of hospitalization, disability and mortality of 50% of women and 20% of men over the age of 50 are bone fractures and their complications caused by diseases of the musculoskeletal system. In this regard, an active search for a solution to the problem associated with the limitations of the use of auto-, allo-, and xenografts in the clinic to replace bone defects initiated the development of a regenerative approach based on the gradual replacement of artificial material with growing bone tissue. Promising in this regard are materials based on calcium phosphates, which act as an active source of chemical elements (calcium, phosphorus, etc.), which can optimize the process of bone defect fusion and ensure the replacement of the implant with new bone tissue. The review summarizes literature data on local biological activity, target cells, and molecular effects of calcium phosphates. It has been shown that calcium phosphate materials are biocompatible, capable of adsorbing regulatory proteins and cells, influencing their genetic and secretory apparatus and triggering the process of MSC differentiation in the osteogenic direction. At the same time, the successful implementation of local mechanisms of osseointegration at the “bone/implant” interface reduces the risk of periprosthetic infection (PJI) and rejection of artificial devices. Further study and use of calcium phosphate materials will make it possible to make a significant breakthrough in solving modern problems of bone tissue regeneration associated with an accurate (digital) bioengineering approach based on additive technologies and artificial intelligence.

Одной из ведущих причин госпитализации, инвалидизации и смертности 50% женщин и 20% мужчин в возрастной группе старше 50 лет являются переломы костей и их осложнения, обусловленные заболеваниями опорно-двигательной системы. Активный поиск решения проблемы, связанной с ограничениями применения в клинике ауто-, алло- и ксенотрансплантатов, для замещения костных дефектов, инициировал развитие регенеративного подхода, основанного на постепенном замещении искусственного материала растущей костной тканью. Перспективными в этом отношении являются материалы на основе фосфатов кальция, выполняющие роль активного источника химических элементов (кальций, фосфор и др.), способные оптимизировать процесс срастания костного дефекта и обеспечить замену имплантата новой костной тканью. В представленном обзоре обобщены данные из литературы о локальной биологической активности, клетках-мишенях и молекулярных эффектах фосфатов кальция. Показано, что кальцийфосфатные материалы биосовместимы, способны адсорбировать регуляторные белки и клетки, оказывая влияние на их генетический и секреторный аппарат и запуская процесс дифференцировки МСК в остеогенном направлении. При этом успешная реализация локальных механизмов остеоинтеграции на границе раздела кость–имплантат снижает риск перипротезной инфекции и отторжения искусственных изделий. Дальнейшее изучение и использование кальцийфосфатных материалов позволит осуществить значительный прорыв в решении современных проблем регенерации костной ткани, связанный с точным (цифровым) биоинженерным подходом на основе аддитивных технологий и искусственного интеллекта.

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