Cell and Tissue BiologyCell and Tissue BiologyЦитология0041-37713034-6061The Russian Academy of Sciences66953210.31857/S0041377123060032QMLAPNArticlesСтатьиMetabolism and Receptor Mechanisms of Niacin ActionМетаболизм и рецепторные механизмы действия ниацинаBoronovskiyS. E.БороновскийС. Е.kopilova.veronika@yandex.ruKopylovaV. S.КопыловаВ. С.kopilova.veronika@yandex.ruNartsissovY. R.НарциссовЯ. Р.kopilova.veronika@yandex.ruInstitute of Cytochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyНаучно-исследовательский институт цитохимии и молекулярной фармакологииBiomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbHБиомедицинская исследовательская группа BiDiPharma GmbH0111202365653555627022025Copyright ©; 2023, С.Е. Бороновский, В.С. Копылова, Я.Р. НарциссовCopyright ©; 2023, С.Е. Бороновский, В.С. Копылова, Я.Р. Нарциссов2023С.Е. Бороновский, В.С. Копылова, Я.Р. НарциссовС.Е. Бороновский, В.С. Копылова, Я.Р. Нарциссовhttps://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669532

The article discusses the metabolism of niacin, also known as vitamin B3 or PP, and the mechanisms of its receptor-induced functions in the human body. Niacin exists as a several molecular compounds that act as the nicotinamide coenzymes precursors. These coenzymes being electron donors or acceptors in redox reactions catalyzed by various enzymes play a crucial role in metabolism. Maintenance of the intracellular niacin pool is vital not only for redox metabolism, but also for the NAD-dependent pathways functioning. At the same time, pathophysiological situations and changes in enzyme activity can affect the necessity for various niacin forms. In addition to indirect effects via nicotinamide coenzymes, it also has a number of direct effects, including anti-lipolytic, vasodilatory, and neuroprotective functions, the exact mechanism of which has not been studied fully up to date. Overall, niacin plays a vital role in maintaining the efficient cell functioning, and further study of its influence on various physiological aspects, including the gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation, could lead to new discoveries and treatments for various diseases.

В работе обсуждается метаболизм ниацина, также известного как витамин В3 или РР, и механизмы его рецепторного действия в организме человека. Ниацин существует в виде различных молекулярных соединений, которые действуют как предшественники никотинамидных коферментов. Эти коферменты играют решающую роль в метаболизме, являясь донорами или акцепторами электронов в окислительно-восстановительных реакциях, катализируемых различными ферментами. Поддержание внутриклеточного пула ниацина жизненно важно не только для окислительно-восстановительного метаболизма, но и для функционирования NAD-зависимых путей. При этом патофизиологические ситуации и изменение активности ферментов могут влиять на потребность в различных формах ниацина. Помимо опосредованного воздействия через никотинамидные коферменты, он также имеет ряд прямых эффектов, включающих в себя антилиполитическую, вазодилататорную и нейропротекторную функции, точный механизм действия которых в настоящее время до конца не исследован. В целом, ниацин играет жизненно важную роль в поддержании эффективного функционирования клетки, и дальнейшее изучение его влияния на различные физиологические процессы, включая микробиом кишечника и эпигенетическую регуляцию, может привести к новым открытиям и методам лечения различных заболеваний.

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