Cell and Tissue BiologyCell and Tissue BiologyЦитология0041-37713034-6061The Russian Academy of Sciences66953010.31857/S0041377123060093OTBHILArticlesСтатьиPartial Cell Reprogramming as a Method of Revitalizing Living SystemsЧастичное репрограммирование клеток как способ ревитализации живых системShorokhovaM. A.ШороховаМ. А.shili-mariya@yandex.ruInstitute of Cytology, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут цитологии РАН0111202365650952127022025Copyright ©; 2023, М.А. ШороховаCopyright ©; 2023, М.А. Шорохова2023М.А. ШороховаМ.А. Шороховаhttps://vietnamjournal.ru/0041-3771/article/view/669530

Aging and associated diseases are an acute problem of modern biology and medicine. Although aging cannot be prevented at present, its impact on the lifespan and health of the elderly can potentially be minimized by interventions aimed at returning these cellular processes to normal functioning. The ongoing search for ways to rejuvenate and improve the regenerative capacity of cells led to the discovery of partial reprogramming in 2016. Partial reprogramming is based on the short-term expression of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc). As a result, the young epigenetic signature of aging cells is restored. The efficacy of the method has been shown in both in vitro and in vivo systems. In this review we discuss the main successes of partial reprogramming, as well as the problems and unresolved issues faced by the researchers. Separately, we focus on the data on molecular changes during partial reprogramming. The method of partial reprogramming provides a wide range of opportunities for fundamental research of aging and rejuvenation. Further work in this direction can lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to alleviate age-related diseases and thus improve health and longevity.

Старение и ассоциированные с ними заболевания – острая проблема современной биологии и медицины. Хотя старение в настоящее время невозможно предотвратить, его влияние на продолжительность жизни и здоровье пожилых людей потенциально может быть сведено к минимуму с помощью вмешательств, направленных на возвращение клеток к нормальному функционированию. Постоянный поиск путей омоложения и улучшения регенеративной способности клеток привел к открытию в 2016 г. метода частичного репрограммирования, основанного на краткосрочной экспрессии факторов репрограммирования (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 и c-Myc). В результате происходит восстановление молодой эпигенетической сигнатуры стареющих клеток. Эффективность метода показана как в системе in vitro, так и в системе in vivo. В представленном обзоре обсуждаются основные успехи частичного репрограммирования, а также проблемы и нерешенные вопросы, с которыми столкнулись исследователи. Отдельно обсуждаются данные о молекулярных изменениях в процессе частичного репрограммирования. Метод частичного репрограммирования дает широкий спектр возможностей для фундаментальных исследований старения и омоложения. А дальнейшие работы в этом направлении могут привести к разработке терапевтических стратегий с целью облегчения возрастных заболеваний и, таким образом, к улучшению здоровья и долголетию.

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