Molecular BiologyMolecular BiologyМолекулярная биология0026-89843034-5553The Russian Academy of Sciences69967410.7868/S3034555325060029ОБЗОРЫReview ArticleGut microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Carcinogenesis: Evolution of HypothesesКИШЕЧНАЯ МИКРОБИОТА В КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗЕ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ГИПОТЕЗGlazunovaE. VГлазуноваЕ. Вemail@example.comKurnosovA. SКурносовА. Сemail@example.comMolodtsovaP. AМолодцоваП. Аemail@example.comMoskalenkoA. MМоскаленкоА. Мemail@example.comMakarovV. VМакаровВ. Вemail@example.comZlobovskayaO. AЗлобовскаяО. Аozlobovskaya@cspfmba.ruCenter for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological AgencyЦентр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью Федерального медико-биологического агентстваEmanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эммануэля Российской академии наук25122025596VOL 59, NO6 (2025)ТОМ 59, №6 (2025)89190827122025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://vietnamjournal.ru/0026-8984/article/view/699674

Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, highlighting the importance of optimizing approaches for its early diagnosis and therapy. One promising area in this field is the study of the gut microbiome’s role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. This review examines three main theories explaining the microbiota’s contribution to carcinogenesis: the "Alpha-bug" theory, the "Keystone pathogen" hypothesis, and the "Driver–Passenger" model. The review analyzes data on the mechanisms of microbiota interaction with tumor cells, including inflammation induction, genotoxicity, and disruption of the intestinal barrier function. The review also presents research findings demonstrating that some microorganisms, previously considered markers of late-stage disease, may possess pro-oncogenic properties, refining existing carcinogenesis models. The presented data suggest that the microbiota and its dysbiotic alterations could be considered potential targets for colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Колоректальный рак остается одной из ведущих причин смертности от онкологических заболеваний, что обусловливает важность оптимизации подходов к его ранней диагностике и терапии. Одним из перспективных направлений в этой области является изучение роли кишечного микробиома в инициации и развитии колоректального рака. В обзоре рассмотрены три основные гипотезы, объясняющие вклад микробиоты в канцерогенез: модели "Alpha-bug", "Keystone pathogen" и "Driver–Passenger". Проанализированы данные о механизмах взаимодействия микробиоты с опухолевыми клетками, включая индукцию воспаления, генотоксичность и нарушение барьерной функции кишечника. Обсуждаются результаты, показавшие, что некоторые микроорганизмы, ранее считавшиеся маркерами поздних стадий рака, могут обладать проэнкогенными свойствами, что уточняет существующие модели канцерогенеза. Представленные данные позволяют рассматривать микробиоту и ее дисбиотические нарушения как потенциальную мишень для диагностики и терапии колоректального рака.

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